Answer each item with either “Yes” or “No”. If the answer is No, write a 1-sentence statement that gives the correct interpretation of the relationship of the species mentioned. 1. pinea and heldrechii are sister to each other 2. merkusii is equally related to heldreichii and pinea 3. The group consisting only of (longaeva, brutia and sylvestris) is polyphyletic. 4. The group consisting only of (heldreichii, bruita and pinea) is polyphyletic.

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Animal Phylogeny

Cladistics is a method of biological classification where organisms are classified based on their ancestors and their relationship with them. It is defined as the concepts and methods for determining the branching patterns of evolution and evolutionary history. Some scientists, however, have preferred the term phylogenetic systematics or phylogenetic taxonomy to emphasize the reliance on a phylogeny for classification. It is the most common and accepted method for classifying organisms.