An x-ray tube has an anode made of iridium (atomic number 77). Assume that each iridium atom has only one electron in its lowest orbit, i.e. the other 76 electrons have been removed. a) What are the energies of the first two characteristic x-rays that will be emitted by this x-ray tube? b) If the voltage between the filament and the iridium anode is 30,000V, will one observe these x-rays? Wht or why not? c) What is the shortest wavelength of the x-rays that can be observed with a potential difference of 30,000 v?
Particle Theory of Light
The particle theory of light was the proposal made by Newton in 1704 in his treatise Opticks. This is the most basic light theory, in which light is thought to be made up of microscopic particles known as "corpuscles" and that's why this particle theory of light is also named as Corpuscular theory of light.
Stopping Potential
In an experiment conducted by Heinrich Hertz, an apparatus was made where the incident light was made to fall on the metallic plate, it was discovered that metals emit electrons. The surface electrons are bound to metals with a minimum amount of energy and some of the incident photos enter the surface, they undergo collision with the atoms of the metal, they get absorbed and emit energy to an election, making it photoelectron, where the collision between the photons and electrons ejects the electrons out of the metal and with a negatively charged electron, causes photocurrent and when this current passes it creates an electric field where there is a potential difference at the output due to the anode and cathode of the electrode of the apparatus. This study involves the theory of Quantum physics and electromagnetism involving electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic wave theory.
Quantization of Charges
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle either attached to an an atom or sticks to the nucleus of the atom. Electrons exert the negative charge that tries to balance the positive charge of the nucleus.
An x-ray tube has an anode made of iridium (atomic number 77). Assume that each iridium atom has only one electron in its lowest orbit, i.e. the other 76 electrons have been removed.
a) What are the energies of the first two characteristic x-rays that will be emitted by this x-ray tube?
b) If the voltage between the filament and the iridium anode is 30,000V, will one observe these x-rays? Wht or why not?
c) What is the shortest wavelength of the x-rays that can be observed with a potential difference of 30,000 v?
d) Suppose an x-ray photon whose energy is 20,000V is emitted from the anode and Compton scatters from an electron in a person, giving up 20.0% of its energy to the electron. At what angle to its incident direction will the photon emerge, i.e. find (theta) in the diagram
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