An optical fiber has a core refractive index n1=1.5 and a cladding refractive index n2=1.48. the core diameter of the fiber is 50 microns.

Q: A typical single mode optical fiber has a core of diameter 8 mm and a refractive index of 1.46.…

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Q: The permittivity of a solid insulator is 5.6 and loss angle is 0.5 degree. If the insulator is…

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Q: Please help

A: Given - Duty cycle =20% Crystal frequency = 4MHz

Q: cal angle Ior total internal renection in a certain sub- stance is exactly 45 degrees. What is the…

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Q: What does the refractive index of electricity refer to? Why is it complicated in some materials

A: Refractive index - It has no dimension. For any material, Refractive index is the ratio of speed of…

Q: Q3: An SI MM fiber has a core of 59.5 um diameter and a ncore = 1.324 and neladding = 1.29. find The…

A: According to the question, we have to calculate the value of the number of modes with the help of…

Q: An antenna has 40 2 antenna resistance and 60 Q radiation resistance. The efficiency of the antenna…

A: Given: Radiation resistance, Rr=60 Ω Antenna resistance, Ra=40 Ω

Q: The return loss of a device is found to be 30 dB. What will be the value of the voltage standing…

A: Given: The return loss of a device is RL=30 dB. The value of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)…

Q: Calculate the following values: NA, acceptance angle, 0c at the core-cladding interface, and A…

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Q: According to the book the answer is 29.8

A: 1. Determine the Cut-off Frequency:For the dominant mode (TE10​​), the cut-off frequency fc​ is…

Q: A GaAs laser operating at 800nm has a 500-μm length and a refractive index n=3.7. what are the…

A: SOLUTION GIVEN-->                  Wavelength of LASER λ…

Q: Calculate the length of a twisted pair cable, the dielectric constant is 2.6 and the measured time…

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Q: Consider a slap of silicon which is illuminated with photons having a wavelength of 0.8 µm. The…

A: To Calculate the thickness of the conductor

Q: the skin depth or penetration depth o for Couper plate at f=1 GHz is take the conductivity 5.8*10^7…

A: To find the skin depth for a copper plate at frequency f = 1 GHz and conductivity = 5.8 × 107 mho/m…

Q: In a certain media with u = µo, e=4€0, plan wave magnetic field is given by H(y,t) =12e0ly cos(7 x…

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Q: A fiber has an index of refraction of 1.5 for core and 1.44 for cladding. Determine the critical…

A: Given data : index of refraction for n2=1.5 index of refraction for n4=1.44

Q: 9 - In what ways do reflectors direct the light as given below?   A) Reflection and cutout…

A: We need to tell about what do reflectors .

Q: Two light beams are incident normal to one surface of a triangular prism with refractive indexn=1.4…

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Q: real and imaginary parts refer to in the refractive index of dielectric materials

A: To find the significance of real and imaginary part of the refractive index of dielectric medium.

Q: Q2) Give the cases when there is no reflection and total reflection. 2011

A: No reflection occurs when a wave encounters a boundary with a medium of the same impedance.…

Q: Using ray theory explain in detail the process of total internal reflection, stating all conditions…

A: The detailed answer to the above question is solved below according to the given parameters.

Q: optical fiber with a core diameter large enough to be considered by the ray theory. light velocity…

A: NOTE:" Since you have asked a multiple question, we will solve first question for you. If you want…

Q: What are the different factors responsible for the attenuation in optical fibers? What is intermodal…

A: The optical fiber reduction is the result of two factors, absorption and diffusion. Absorption is…

Q: A certain microstrip line has fused quartz (ɛ, = 3.8) as a substrate. If the ratio of line width to…

A: The wave is function of space and time. The EM wave is formed when electric field is in contact with…

Q: Determine NA and acceptance angle in air for silica optical fiber given the cladding refractive…

A: Numerical aperature  NA=n12-n22where  n1=Refrative indx of core          n2=Refrative index of…

Q: c) Evaluate the light collecting capacity of a silica fibre with its core refractive index (n1) of…

A: Optical communications

Q: the skin depth or penetration depth o for Couper plate at f=1 GHz is take the conductivity 5.8*10^7…

A: In this question we will find skin depth ...

Q: 9- Calculate the intrinsic carrier density for silicon at T = 350 K. The constant B= 7.3 x10^15…

A: Given  : The given question they want to know the value of intrinsic carrier density with respect to…

Q: The return loss of a device is found to be 20 dB. The voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and mag…

A: The solution can be achieved asfolows.

Q: Determine the electrical conductor materials from strongest to smallest below, silver (Ag), lithium…

A: Elemental semiconductors are the semiconductors with only single type of atoms. They constitute of…

Q: Find the cross-sectional area in the circular mils of 37 wires that is 104 mils in diameter each.

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Q: What is the typical value of refractive index for an ethyl alcohol?

A: The correct option along with the explanation is provided in the following section.

Q: semiconductor is transparent to light with a wavelength longer than 0.87 μm, determine its band gap…

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Q: Solve the following problems completely. Draw and label appropriate diagrams. Carbon tetrachloride…

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Q: How does the refractive index differ with applied electromagnetic radiation?

A: REFRACTIVE INDEX; The refractive index shows how much the path of light got bent or refracted when…

Dielectric Breakdown

A dielectric is a material with low electrical conductivity and so is classified as an insulator. Dielectric materials are used to block the flow of electricity through them, allowing them to behave as an insulators. They can also be used to store electric charge or improve capacitance.Dielectrics have no free electrons for conduction because electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus. Because dielectrics contain a small number of electrons for electrical conductivity, they have a dipole. The two primary roles of dielectrics in electrical devices are insulation and electrical energy storage. An electric field polarizes the dielectric, and the polarization of the molecules allows dielectric materials to store charge.