An oil storage tank 50 ft in diameter imposes a maximum loading of 2,500 psf onto the ground surface where the tank is supported. The soil underlying the tank has a unit weight of 125 pcf. For a point 25 ft below the ground surface, compute the effective vertical stress when the tank is empty and when the tank is full, at locations beneath the center and the edge of the tank. Assume that the Boussinesq conditions apply.

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Methods to Determine Vertical Stress

The load applied to the soil is transferred to the underground. The presence of water at soil pores and solid grains above the soil are the primary components that are responsible for the effective load transfer. Due to the load acting, the internal component of the soil or the underground formations undergoes deformations or a tectonic shift. The amount of deformation depends upon the amount of load acting on the soil surface, which indeed, depends on the weight of everything present above the soil. Due to this, the underground soil element develops internal stresses which try to resist the tectonic changes.