An observer attempts to see a rainbow toward the end of a rainstorm when the sun shows through a break in the clouds. Which of the following conditions will not contribute to making the rainbow visible? a. The observer must face the sun with his back to the rain clouds. b. The observer must face the rain clouds with his back to the sun. c. The light from the sun must reflect off the backs of the water droplets in the rain clouds at angles greater than the critical angle for total internal reflection. d. The observer must be sufficiently far from the clouds to be able to see the color separation due to dispersion. e. The index of refraction of any material, including water, must be frequency dependent.
Refraction of Light
Refraction is a change in the direction of light rays when they travel from one medium to another. It is the bending of light when it goes through different media.
Angle of Refraction
Light is considered by many scientists to have dual nature, both particle nature and wave nature. First, Particle nature is one in which we consider a stream of packets of energy called photons. Second, Wave nature is considering light as electromagnetic radiation whereas part of it is perceived by humans. Visible spectrum defined by humans lies in a range of 400 to 700 nm wavelengths.
Index of Refraction of Diamond
Diamond, the world’s hardest naturally occurring material and mineral known, is a solid form of the element carbon. The atoms are arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. They exist in a huge variety of colours. Also, they are one of the best conductors of heat and have a very high melting point.
An observer attempts to see a rainbow toward the end of a rainstorm when the sun shows through a break in the clouds. Which of the following conditions will not contribute to making the rainbow visible?
| a. |
The observer must face the sun with his back to the rain clouds. |
|
| b. |
The observer must face the rain clouds with his back to the sun. |
|
| c. |
The light from the sun must reflect off the backs of the water droplets in the rain clouds at angles greater than the critical angle for total internal reflection. |
|
| d. |
The observer must be sufficiently far from the clouds to be able to see the color separation due to dispersion. |
|
| e. |
The index of refraction of any material, including water, must be frequency dependent. |
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