An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative ions. (b) An ionic bond between two atoms forms by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from the atom of higher electronegativity to the atom of lower electronegativity. (c) As a rough guideline, we say that an ionic bond will form if the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is approximately 1.9 or greater. (d) In forming NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms, one electron is transferred from the valence shell of sodium to the valence shell of chlorine. (e) The formula of sodium sulfide is Na2 S. (f) The formula of calcium hydroxide is CaOH. (g) The formula of aluminum sulfide is AlS. (h) The formula of iron(III) oxide is Fe3 O2 . (i) Barium ion is Ba21, and oxide ion is O2 2 ; there- fore, the formula of barium oxide is Ba2 O2
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
Answer true or false.
(a) An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative ions.
(b) An ionic bond between two atoms forms by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from the atom of higher electronegativity to the atom of lower electronegativity.
(c) As a rough guideline, we say that an ionic bond will form if the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is approximately 1.9 or greater.
(d) In forming NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms, one electron is transferred from the valence shell of sodium to the valence shell of chlorine.
(e) The formula of sodium sulfide is Na2 S.
(f) The formula of calcium hydroxide is CaOH.
(g) The formula of aluminum sulfide is AlS.
(h) The formula of iron(III) oxide is Fe3 O2 .
(i) Barium ion is Ba21, and oxide ion is O2 2 ; there- fore, the formula of barium oxide is Ba2 O2
Answer true or flase
(d) Both copper(II) oxide and cupric oxide are acceptable names for CuO.
(e) The systematic name for Fe2 O3 is iron(II) oxide.
(f) The systematic name for FeCO3 is iron carbonate.
(g) The systematic name for NaH2PO4 is sodium di- hydrogen phosphate.
(h) The systematic name for K2HPO4 is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
(i) The systematic name for Na2O is sodium oxide.
(j) The systematic name for PCl3 is potassium chloride.
(k) The formula of ammonium carbonate is NH4CO3.
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