An exchange occurs between identical chromatids. B B B B (a) Sister chromatid exchange A Two with Meiosis is completed to yield 4 haploid cells. parental A crossover occurs between homologous chromatids. genotype B B в ь в by Two with recombinant genotype ь (b) Recombination between homologous chromosomes during melosis FIGURE 20.1 Two types of homologous recombination in eukaryotes. (a) Homologous recombination between sister chromatids. (b) Homologous recombination between homologous chromatids. This second form of homologous recombination may lead to a new combination of alleles, which is called a recombinant (or nonparental) genotype. Genes-Traits Homologous recombination is particularly important when we consider the relationships between multiple genes and multiple traits. For example, if the X chromosome in a female fruit fly carried alleles for red eyes and gray body and its homolog carried alleles for white eyes and yellow body, homologous recombination could produce recombinant chromosomes that carry alleles for red eyes and yellow body, or alleles for white eyes and gray body. Therefore, new combinations of two or more alleles can arise when homologous recombination takes place.

An exchange occurs between identical chromatids. B B B B (a) Sister chromatid exchange A Two with Meiosis is completed to yield 4 haploid cells. parental A crossover occurs between homologous chromatids. genotype B B в ь в by Two with recombinant genotype ь (b) Recombination between homologous chromosomes during melosis FIGURE 20.1 Two types of homologous recombination in eukaryotes. (a) Homologous recombination between sister chromatids. (b) Homologous recombination between homologous chromatids. This second form of homologous recombination may lead to a new combination of alleles, which is called a recombinant (or nonparental) genotype. Genes-Traits Homologous recombination is particularly important when we consider the relationships between multiple genes and multiple traits. For example, if the X chromosome in a female fruit fly carried alleles for red eyes and gray body and its homolog carried alleles for white eyes and yellow body, homologous recombination could produce recombinant chromosomes that carry alleles for red eyes and yellow body, or alleles for white eyes and gray body. Therefore, new combinations of two or more alleles can arise when homologous recombination takes place.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter6: Cytogenetics: Karyotypes And Chromosome Aberrations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3QP: A colleague e-mails you saying that she has identified an interesting chromosome variation at 21q13....

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: What is meant by a sexlinked gene?

A: Chromosomes are filamentous bodies present in the nucleus. They are composed of DNA…

Q: With respect to genetics, how is Y chromosome DNA different than nuclear DNA?

A: DNA is a genetic material which exists in coiled form and carries genetic information and passes it…

Q: Are forward and reverse primer are complementry to each other ?

A: Forward primers: Forward primers are one of the two types of primers used in a PCR setup. The main…

Q: What is the advantage of duplication and divergence of genes?

A: Chromosomal aberration is known as abnormality in the sequence or in the arrangement of the…

Q: What is the underlying genetic defect that causes xeroderma pigmentosum?How can the symptoms of this…

A: Xeroderma pigmentosum condition is a result of specific mutations in the DNA and it is the autosomal…

Q: Which type(s) of chromosomal aberrations is/are likely to cause semisterility? Select all correct…

A: Introduction Any change in chromosome number and chromosome structure can cause various genetic…

Q: What do you mean by balancer chromosome ?

A: Chromosome is a long stretch of DNA, it is packaged with histone protein to maintain its integrity,…

Q: Human chromosome 11 GC content is 42%. What is the percentage of each nucleotide on chromosome 11?

A: According to Chargaff rule,- in DNA there is always equality in quantity between the bases A and T…

Q: An individual has a deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 5. This individual also has a…

A: A chromosome is a DNA molecule and part of genetic material.

Q: What is the purpose of chromosome 21?

A: Chromosomes are carrier of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is the genetic material. Each species…

Q: How does chromosome painting work?

A: Chromosome Painting, or FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) is the powerful method used to…

Q: How are rearrangement breakpoints determined?

A: Introduction: Rearrangements refer to the modifications of the genome on the large scale and it can…

Q: What is a centromere made up of and Where is a centromere located?

A: Centromere is a part of eukaryotic chromosomes. It helps the chromosome to bind with spindle fibre.

Q: Orangutans are an endangered species in their natural environment (the islands of Borneo and…

A: An endangered species is determined as a type of organism that has become threatened due to…

Q: What are the half-circle rotations of a chromosomal region?

A: Chromosomes appear at the time of cell division in the form of thread like structures inside the…

Q: what is the centromere?

A: The chromosomes are the thread-like structure in the cells of living organisms and contain tightly…

Q: A white-eyed (X-linked recessive character) female fruit fly is mated to a red-eyed male.…

A: Drosophila is one of the most important creatures in biology, especially genetics and developmental…

Q: What is the highest level of chromosome condensation and is DNA condensation important?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most organisms. It is the information hub of the cell that contains…

Q: What genotype would a long haired guinea pig have?

A: A genotype is set of heritable genes which can be passed from parents to offsprings.Genotype is the…

Q: In genetic transformation, what is meant by the wordcompetence?

A: The process of taking up naked or foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the environment is called…

Q: With the aid of annotated diagrams differentiate between incomplete dominance, complete dominance…

A: Since we only answer 1 question in case of multiple question, we’ll answer the first question as the…

Q: What is Complementation Analysis ?

A: A variable form of a gene is called an allele. Some genes exist in multiple versions, all of which…

Q: What is the difference between a recombinant protein and a native protein? Why is it that some…

A: Proteins are the most abundant organic molecules of the living system. They have significant role in…

Q: How did telomerase respond to acute stress?

A: Telomerase activity is essential for cell survival because it lengthens telomeres and supports cell…

Concept explainers

Genetic Recombination

Recombination is crucial to this process because it allows genes to be reassorted into diverse combinations. Genetic recombination is the process of combining genetic components from two different origins into a single unit. In prokaryotes, genetic recombination takes place by the unilateral transfer of deoxyribonucleic acid. It includes transduction, transformation, and conjugation. The genetic exchange occurring between homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences (DNA) from two different sources is termed general recombination. For this to happen, an identical sequence of the two recombining molecules is required. The process of genetic exchange which occurs in eukaryotes during sexual reproduction such as meiosis is an example of this type of genetic recombination.

Microbial Genetics

Genes are the functional units of heredity. They transfer characteristic information from parents to the offspring.

Question

What is the advantage of genetic recombination, which is depicted in part (b)?

An exchange occurs
between identical
chromatids.
B B
B B
(a) Sister chromatid exchange
A
Two with
Meiosis is
completed
to yield 4
haploid cells.
parental
A crossover occurs
between homologous
chromatids.
genotype
B B
в ь в
by
Two with
recombinant
genotype
ь
(b) Recombination between homologous chromosomes during melosis
FIGURE 20.1 Two types of homologous recombination in eukaryotes. (a) Homologous recombination between sister chromatids.
(b) Homologous recombination between homologous chromatids. This second form of homologous recombination may lead to a new combination of
alleles, which is called a recombinant (or nonparental) genotype.
Genes-Traits Homologous recombination is particularly important when we consider the relationships between multiple genes and multiple traits. For example, if
the X chromosome in a female fruit fly carried alleles for red eyes and gray body and its homolog carried alleles for white eyes and yellow body, homologous
recombination could produce recombinant chromosomes that carry alleles for red eyes and yellow body, or alleles for white eyes and gray body. Therefore, new
combinations of two or more alleles can arise when homologous recombination takes place.

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

This is a popular solution!

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Step 1

VIEW

Step 2

VIEW

Trending now

This is a popular solution!

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

On rare occasions, an organism may have three copies of achromosome and therefore has three copies of the genes on thatchromosome (instead of the usual number of two copies). Forsuch a rare organism, the alleles for each gene usually segregateso that a gamete will contain one or two copies of the gene. Let’ssuppose that a rare pea plant has three copies of the chromosomethat carries the height gene. Its genotype is TTt. The plant is alsoheterozygous for the seed color gene, Yy, which is found on adifferent chromosome. With regard to both genes, how manytypes of gametes can this plant make, and in what proportions?(Assume that it is equally likely that a gamete will contain oneor two copies of the height gene.)
For each of the terms in the left column, choose thebest matching phrase in the right column.a. reciprocal translocation 1. lacking one or morechromosomes or having oneor more extra chromosomesb. gynandromorph 2. movement of short DNAelementsc. pericentric 3. having more than two completesets of chromosomesd. paracentric 4. exact exchange of parts of twononhomologous chromosomese. euploids 5. excluding the centromeref. polyploidy 6. including the centromereg. transposition 7. having complete sets ofchromosomesh. aneuploids 8. mosaic combination of maleand female tissue
In experiment of Following chromosomal DNA movement through meiosis, what is the trial 1 and trial 2 meiotic division beads diagram for prophase l, metaphase l, anapahse l, telophase l, prophase ll, metaphase ll, anaphase ll, telophase ll, and cytokinesis?
Is it more indicated for ageneticist desiring to map theX chromosome of the motherof a given family (theresearcher does not haveaccess to her DNA, only accessto the genetic material of theoffspring) to analyze thechromosomes of herdaughters or of her sons?
Can you think of anything that would prevent meiosisfrom occurring in an organism whose genome isalways haploid?
The karyotype of a young girl who is affected with familialDown syndrome revealed a total of 46 chromosomes. Her olderbrother, however, who is phenotypically unaffected, actually had45 chromosomes. Explain how this could happen. What wouldyou expect to be the numbers of chromosomes in the parents ofthese two children?
Somatic cells in organisms of a particular diploidplant species normally have 14 chromosomes. Thechromosomes in the gametes are numbered from 1through 7. Rarely, zygotes are formed that containmore or fewer than 14 chromosomes. For each of thezygotes below, (i) state whether the chromosomecomplement is euploid or aneuploid; (ii) provideterms that describe the individual’s genetic makeupas accurately as possible; and (iii) state whether ornot the individual will likely develop through theembryonic stages to make an adult plant, and if so,whether or not this plant will be fertile.a. 11 22 33 44 5 66 77b. 111 22 33 44 555 66 77c. 111 222 333 444 555 666 777d. 1111 2222 3333 4444 5555 6666 7777
A normal female is discovered with 45 chromosomes, one ofwhich exhibits a Robertsonian translocation containing most ofchromosomes 18 and 21. Discuss the possible outcomes in heroffspring when her husband contains a normal karyotype.
Why does therecombination frequency ofgenes vary with the distancebetween them in thechromosome?
The life cycle of the haploid fungus Ascobolus is similar tothat of Neurospora. A mutational treatment producedtwo mutant strains, 1 and 2, both of which when crossedwith wild type gave unordered tetrads, all of the followingtype (fawn is a light brown color; normally, crosses produce all black ascospores):spore pair 1 black spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 black spore pair 4 fawna. What does this result show? Explain.The two mutant strains were crossed. Most of the unordered tetrads were of the following type:spore pair 1 fawn spore pair 3 fawnspore pair 2 fawn spore pair 4 fawnb. What does this result suggest? Explain.When large numbers of unordered tetrads were screenedunder the microscope, some rare ones that containedblack spores were found. Four cases are shown here:Case A Case B Case C Case Dspore pair 1 black black black blackspore pair 2 black fawn black abortspore pair 3 fawn fawn abort fawnspore pair 4 fawn fawn abort fawn(Note: Ascospores with extra genetic material…
In a haploid yeast strain, eight recessive mutationswere found that resulted in a requirement for theamino acid lysine. All the mutations were found to revert at a frequency of about 1 × 10−6 except mutations5 and 6, which did not revert. Matings were madebetween a and α cells carrying these mutations. Theability of the resultant diploid strains to grow onminimal medium in the absence of lysine is shown inthe following chart (+ means growth and − means nogrowth.)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 − + + + + − + −2 + − + + + + + +3 + + − − − − − +4 + + − − − − − +5 + + − − − − − +6 − + − − − − − −7 + + − − − − − +8 − + + + + − + −a. How many complementation groups were revealedby these data? Which point mutations are foundwithin which complementation groups?The same diploid strains are now induced to undergosporulation. The vast majority of resultant spores areauxotrophic; that is, they cannot form colonies whenplated on minimal medium (without lysine). However,particular diploids can produce rare spores…
16