An Ethernet MAC sublayer receives 1510 bytes of data from the upper layer. Can the data be encapsulated in one frame? If not, how many frames need to be sent? What is the size of the data in each frame?
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- Suppose an extension of TCP allows window size much larger than 64 KB. Assume the extended TCP runs over a 100-Mbps link with RTT 100 ms, segment size is 1 KB, and receiving window size is 1 MB. How long does it take to send a 200 KB file?8. An Ethernet MAC sublayer receives 1515 bytes of data from the upper layer. The data needs to be split into two frames. What is the size of the data in each frame? A. 1500 bytes; 15 bytes B. 1000 bytes; 46 bytes C. 1000 bytes; 15 bytes D. 1500 bytes; 46 bytesSuppose a switch is built using a computer workstation and that it can forward packets at a rate of 500,000 packets per second, regardless (within limits) of size. Assume the workstation uses direct memory access (DMA) to move data in and out of its main memory, which has a bandwidth of 2 Gbps, and that the I/O bus has a bandwidth of 1 Gbps. At what packet size would the bus bandwidth become the limiting factor?
- Suppose you are hired to design a reliable byte-stream protocol that uses a sliding window (like TCP). This protocol will run over a 50-Mbps network, the RTT of the network is 80 ms and the maximum segment lifetime is 60 seconds. How many bits would you include in the Advertised Window and Sequence Num fields of your protocol header?The minimum number of columns in a datagram network is two; the minimumnumber of columns in a virtual-circuit network is four. Can you explain thereason? Is the difference related to the type of addresses carried in the packetsof each network?Suppose that there are three inter-media nodes between Host 1 and Host 2, and the transmission rate of each link is 4.096 Mbps. The time of end-to-end circuit established is 0.5 second. How much seconds does it take to send a file of 8.192M byte from host H1 to host H2 over a packet-switched network?
- 2. In the Ethernet packet, the "Data" part is used to contain data send from source to destination and vice versa. The minimum number of data bytes is 46; what if the data is less by 2 bytesA packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,500 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?1. Suppose a TCP connection is transferring a file of 5550 bytes. The first byte is numbered 10001. What are the sequence numbers for each segment if each carries 500 bytes? How many Segments will be there ?
- Design an Ethernet network to connect a single client PC to a single server. Both the client and the server will connect to their respective workgroup switches via UTP. Their workgroup switches are connected directly by a trunk link. The two switches are 900 meters apart. They need to communicate at 800 Mbps. Your design will specify the locations of any switches and the transmission link between the switches. Then add another client next to the first client. This client will also communicate with the server and will also need 800 Mbps in transmission speed. Again, your design will specify the locations of switches and the transmission link between the switches.In a byte-oriented link layer protocol, the receiver adds all the bytes between the start and end marker bytes (not including those markers) modulo 239, and expects to get a result of 0 if there have been no errors. The byte immediately before the end marker is a checksum, chosen at the transmitter to make this possible. The probability of an error in any received bit is 0.00075 . The total length of the frame is 205 bytes (including start and end markers). Estimate the probability of errors occurring in the received frame but not being detected. You need to consider what combinations of bit errors could cause the error detection system to fail (i.e, conclude that there are no errors). As you are asked for an estimate, you need only consider the most likely scenarios - it is safe to ignore events that could only occur with much lower probability. Round your answer to three significant figures. As the probability will be very low in some cases, you may have to enter up to 7 digits after…What is the purpose of an Ethernet LAN protocol address? Can you think of anything positive?If the address box isn't important to you, you can remove it entirely.Should the address box be filled with a "special" address value?