An environmental technician collects a sample of rainwater.Back in the lab, her pH meter isn’t working, so she uses indicatorsolutions to estimate the pH. A piece of litmus paper turns red,indicating acidity, so she divides the sample into thirds and ob-tains the following results: thymol blue turns yellow; bromphe-nol blue turns green; and methyl red turns red. Estimate the pHof the rainwater.
Ionic Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium and ionic equilibrium are two major concepts in chemistry. Ionic equilibrium deals with the equilibrium involved in an ionization process while chemical equilibrium deals with the equilibrium during a chemical change. Ionic equilibrium is established between the ions and unionized species in a system. Understanding the concept of ionic equilibrium is very important to answer the questions related to certain chemical reactions in chemistry.
Arrhenius Acid
Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. Keeping it similar to the general acid properties, Arrhenius acid also neutralizes bases and turns litmus paper into red.
Bronsted Lowry Base In Inorganic Chemistry
Bronsted-Lowry base in inorganic chemistry is any chemical substance that can accept a proton from the other chemical substance it is reacting with.
An environmental technician collects a sample of rainwater.Back in the lab, her pH meter isn’t working, so she uses indicatorsolutions to estimate the pH. A piece of litmus paper turns red,indicating acidity, so she divides the sample into thirds and ob-tains the following results: thymol blue turns yellow; bromphe-nol blue turns green; and methyl red turns red. Estimate the pHof the rainwater.
pH value of any substance is defined by a relation. It is the negative log of the hydrogen ions concentration present in the aqueous solution. It is expressed by the equation given below:
The logarithm used here is defined as the inverse of the exponentials.
We know that, acids tends to donate their protons and bases are substances that tend to gain protons that are donated by the acids.
INDICATORS:
A chemical substance or organic dyes that alters the color of the solution when they are added to an acidic or a basic solution is known as an indicator. An indicator is used to indicate the pH value of a solution.
Some of the indicators commonly used are phenolphthalein, litmus paper, thymol blue, methyl orange etc.,
LITMUS PAPER:
When a blue Litmus paper turns into red color, it indicates that the solution is acidic in nature. The solution has an acidic pH. The pH value ranges from 4.0 to 4.5.
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