Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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How many valence electrons are in the element
![**Electron Configuration and Valence Electrons**
An element with the electron configuration:
\[ \text{[noble gas]} \, ns^2 \, (n-1)d^{10} \, np^4 \]
has [number] valence electrons.
---
**Explanation:**
- **[noble gas]**: Represents the core electrons, which are represented by the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.
- **ns^2**: Indicates that there are two electrons in the s orbital of the outermost shell.
- **(n-1)d^{10}**: Indicates a full d subshell in the penultimate shell.
- **np^4**: Indicates there are four electrons in the p orbital of the outermost shell.
With this configuration, the valence electrons encompass the electrons in the outermost shell, which include the ns and np orbitals. Therefore, in this example, the element has:
\[ 2 (from \, ns^2) + 4 (from \, np^4) = 6 \, \text{valence electrons} \]](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fcbb09fcd-ed46-4b12-911b-9b4fdf6fa82f%2F7392a294-b5c4-48ff-a267-24dfb2e8eccf%2F9plzev9_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:**Electron Configuration and Valence Electrons**
An element with the electron configuration:
\[ \text{[noble gas]} \, ns^2 \, (n-1)d^{10} \, np^4 \]
has [number] valence electrons.
---
**Explanation:**
- **[noble gas]**: Represents the core electrons, which are represented by the electron configuration of the nearest noble gas.
- **ns^2**: Indicates that there are two electrons in the s orbital of the outermost shell.
- **(n-1)d^{10}**: Indicates a full d subshell in the penultimate shell.
- **np^4**: Indicates there are four electrons in the p orbital of the outermost shell.
With this configuration, the valence electrons encompass the electrons in the outermost shell, which include the ns and np orbitals. Therefore, in this example, the element has:
\[ 2 (from \, ns^2) + 4 (from \, np^4) = 6 \, \text{valence electrons} \]
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