An automatic level with an internal focusing telescope was set up somewhere at mid-length of a long-span steel bridge. The rod readings tabulated below were observed on a stadia rod held successively at the vicinity of the concrete abutments in the southern and northern approaches of the bridge. If the stadia interval factor of the instruments is 98.5, determine the length of the bridge.

Q: A stadia measurement was undertaken with theodolite having an internal focusing telescope and a…

A:

Q: The sum of positive departures exceeds that of the negative departures by 0.47 meter. The sum of the…

A: Given data in question  ∑D = 0.47 m ∑L=-0.67 m To find out  Linear error of closure

Q: The ratio of curvature effect to that of refraction is (a) 3 (c) 19 (b) 12 (d) 7

A: Curvature Correction :- It is the vertical distance between the line of sight and the level line at…

Q: The horizontal axis of a transit was inclined at 7’ with the horizontal due to non-adjustment. The…

A:

Q: In determining horizontal angle between two points, you lock in and set your horizontal angle to…

A:

Q: .(b) If the sensitivity of the bubble tube of a level is 30 of are per division, determine the…

A: Given data , Sensitivity of the bubble tube = 30" m= 1 Sensitivity of the bubble tube =

Q: 3. The upper and lower stadia hair readings on a stadia rod held at station B were observed as 4.50m…

A: S3 = 4.50m S1 = 1.35m K = 99.75 Height of instrument above A = 1.52m S2 = 2.5m θ = 25°15'   To…

Q: A trigonometric leveling was employed to determine the elevation of CGY-2022. The instrument was…

A: To find Elevation of CGY 2022

Q: A stadia measurement was undertaken with a theodolite having an internal focusing telescope and…

A:

Q: Explain the procedure in Testing and Adjusting the line of Sight of a Tilting Levels.

A: Inside the tilting level, the telescopic, together with the primary bubble tubing, maybe tilted…

Q: Grey-Sloan Hospital's location has an elevation of 673.51 meters while Seattle's Station 19 Fire…

A: Measurement is the process of determining the height of one level relative to another. It is used to…

Q: A trigonometric leveling was employed to determine the elevation of CGY-2022. The instrument was…

A: To find  Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction correction.

Q: Briefly describe the principles on which seismic refraction studies for subsurface explorations are…

A: Seismic Refraction Studies:

Q: In order to measure a distance between two points by using a Electromagnetic Distance Measurement…

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Q: 2000 kN 400 kN/m 200 kN/m mm Jamming B C m- -10 m -10 m For the beam loaded as shown, how much is…

A:

Q: Find out the deflection angles from the following observations Lines AB BC Bearing N 42° 20' E N 30°…

A: Given data  Angle at A for line AB (θAB) =N42°20'E Angle at B for line BC (θBC)  = N30°00'E  Find…

Q: The sum of negative departures exceeds that of the positive departures by 0.47 meter. The sum of the…

A:

Q: A flagpole appears in two successive photographs taken at an altitude of 2,000 m above datum. The…

A: Given that :- Focal length of the camera = f = 120 mm length of the air base = B  = 200 m Parallax…

Q: A theodolite was set up at P and the angle of elevation to the top of a mobile tower ST was 30°. The…

A: Given that :-Angle of elevation to the top of a mobile tower ST = Staff reading held at a station of…

Q: Using a 1 second theodolite the following clocl traverse. What is the angular closing error and 62°…

A: The traverse angle is given as follows: 163°27' 36" 324°18' 22" 62°39' 27" 330°19' 18" 181° 09' 15"…

Q: A stadia measurement was undertaken with a theodolite having an internal focusing telescope and…

A:

Q: The upper and lower stadia hair readings on a stadia rod held at station B were observed as 3.50 and…

A: Given:- The upper and lower stadia hair readings on a stadia rod held at station B = 3.50 m and 1.00…

Q: A slope distance of 845.321 m was observed between two stations with EDM instruments having…

A: D=845.321 * 1000 mm Ei=1.9mm Ec=1.2mm Er=2mm

Q: While leveling across a river, the staves readings held at (R) and (S) from the instrument stationed…

A: Reciprocal levelling is used to determine the true difference in elevations of two points that are…

Q: er. Linear error of closure is:

A:

Q: A stadia measurement was undertaken with a theodolite having an internal focusing telescope and a…

A:

Q: Determine the corrected vertical angle if a vertical angle alpha was measured below the horizontal…

A: Given data: telescope in direct position =23 deg 16 min telescope in reversed position= 23 deg 18…

Q: Find out the deflection angles from the following observations Lines AB BC Bearing N 42° 20' E N 30°…

A: Deflection angle=42°20'-30°00'                              =12°20' L

Q: Find out the deflection angles from the following observations Lines AB BC Bearing N 42° 20' E N 30°…

A: Given data in question  Bearings  To find out  Deflection angle

Q: Compute the adjusted deflection angle at station D as shown.

A: Solution: The given table: Station Deflection Angle A 30°26'00''L B 66°02'30'' L C…

Q: Illustrate the procedure in Testing and Adjusting the Line of Sight of a tilting level.

A: Tilting Level:  It is A type of levelling Instrument. It is similar to that of Dumpy level .…

Q: ) What are "kink-band" failure modes?

A:

Q: Question 2 (2) The azimuth from Pt 10 to Pt 1 is 348° 30'. The Azimuth from Pt 1 to Pt 2 is 327°…

A: Given that....

Instruments for Surveying

Surveying is the practice that determines the relative three-dimensional positions of many different points on the earth’s surface. There are various instruments used in Surveying like Theodolites, Total station, Tripod stands, Plane table, etc. for measuring horizontal angle, vertical and sloping angle, which are very useful for giving accurate and precise measurement.