An Atwood machine consists of a massless string connecting two masses over a massless, frictionless pulley ( the figure on the left below ). The masses are 1.70 and 1.65 kg. The system is released from rest with the 1.7-kg mass 2.15 m above the floor and the 1.65-kg mass on the floor. (a) What is the acceleration of the 1.7-kg mass? Of the 1.65-kg mass? (b) What is the speed of the 1.7-kg mass just before it hits the floor? (c) How long does it take the 1.7- kg mass to reach the floor?

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The horse pulls the cart and the cart pulls the horse in response as per Newton third law. So the big question is, “Don’t the two forces cancel each other? How does the cart accelerate?”