An article in a 2006 issue of Journal of Behavioral Decision Making reported on a study involving 47 undergraduate students in a class at Harvard. All of the participants were given $50, but some (randomly assigned) were told that this was a "tuition rebate", while the others were told that this was "bonus income". After one week, the students were contacted again and asked how much of the $50 they had spent and how much they had saved. Those in the "rebate" group had spent an average of $22.04 while those in the "bonus" group had spent an average of $9.55." (a) Did this study make use of random sampling, random assignment, both, or neither? Explain. (b) If the difference in average spending amounts between the two groups is determined to be statistically significant, would it be appropriate to draw a cause-and-effect conclusion in this case? Explain. (c) If the difference in average spending amounts between the two groups is determined to be statistically significant, would it be appropriate to generalize the results of this study to all undergraduate students? Explain.
An article in a 2006 issue of Journal of Behavioral Decision Making reported on a study involving 47 undergraduate students in a class at Harvard. All of the participants were given $50, but some (randomly assigned) were told that this was a "tuition rebate", while the others were told that this was "bonus income". After one week, the students were contacted again and asked how much of the $50 they had spent and how much they had saved. Those in the "rebate" group had spent an average of $22.04 while those in the "bonus" group had spent an average of $9.55."
(a) Did this study make use of random sampling, random assignment, both, or neither? Explain.
(b) If the difference in average spending amounts between the two groups is determined to be statistically significant, would it be appropriate to draw a cause-and-effect conclusion in this case? Explain.
(c) If the difference in average spending amounts between the two groups is determined to be statistically significant, would it be appropriate to generalize the results of this study to all undergraduate students? Explain.
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