An article gave the following summary information for fracture strengths (MPa) of n = 196 ceramic bars fired in a particular kiln: x = 19.35, s = 3.13. (a) Calculate a (two-sided) confidence interval for true average fracture strength using a confidence level of 95%. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) MPa Does it appear that true average fracture strength has been precisely estimated? O Yes, this is a very narrow interval. O No, this is a very wide interval. (b) Suppose the investigators had believed a priori that the population standard deviation was about 7 MPa. Based on this supposition, how large a sample would have been required to estimate u to within 0.5 MPa with 95% confidence? ceramic bars You may need to use the appropriate table in the Appendix of Tables to answer this question.

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**Article Summary on Fracture Strengths of Ceramic Bars**

An article provided the following data summary for fracture strengths (measured in MPa) for \( n = 196 \) ceramic bars fired in a specified kiln: the sample mean (\( x \)) is 19.35 MPa with a standard deviation (\( s \)) of 3.13 MPa.

**(a) Two-Sided Confidence Interval Calculation**

The task is to calculate a two-sided confidence interval for the true average fracture strength, using a confidence level of 95%. Answers should be rounded to two decimal places. Enter the lower and upper bounds of the confidence interval as follows: 
( _______, _______ ) MPa

- **Does it appear that the true average fracture strength has been precisely estimated?**
  - **Yes, this is a very narrow interval.**
  - **No, this is a very wide interval.**

**(b) Estimation Sample Size Calculation**

Assume that the investigators initially considered that the population standard deviation was approximately 7 MPa. Based on this assumption, determine the required sample size to estimate \( \mu \) within 0.5 MPa with 95% confidence. Enter the answer as a number of ceramic bars: 
_______ ceramic bars

**Note:** You may need to consult the appropriate table in the [Appendix of Tables](#) to solve this problem.
Transcribed Image Text:**Article Summary on Fracture Strengths of Ceramic Bars** An article provided the following data summary for fracture strengths (measured in MPa) for \( n = 196 \) ceramic bars fired in a specified kiln: the sample mean (\( x \)) is 19.35 MPa with a standard deviation (\( s \)) of 3.13 MPa. **(a) Two-Sided Confidence Interval Calculation** The task is to calculate a two-sided confidence interval for the true average fracture strength, using a confidence level of 95%. Answers should be rounded to two decimal places. Enter the lower and upper bounds of the confidence interval as follows: ( _______, _______ ) MPa - **Does it appear that the true average fracture strength has been precisely estimated?** - **Yes, this is a very narrow interval.** - **No, this is a very wide interval.** **(b) Estimation Sample Size Calculation** Assume that the investigators initially considered that the population standard deviation was approximately 7 MPa. Based on this assumption, determine the required sample size to estimate \( \mu \) within 0.5 MPa with 95% confidence. Enter the answer as a number of ceramic bars: _______ ceramic bars **Note:** You may need to consult the appropriate table in the [Appendix of Tables](#) to solve this problem.
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