An article compared five different methods for teaching descriptive statistics. The five methods were traditional lecture and discussion, programmed textbook instruction, programmed text with lectures computer instruction, and computer instruction with lectures. 45 students were randomly assigned, 9 to each method. After completing the course, students took a 1-hour exam.   Which of the following is the correct degrees of freedom for an F-test for evaluating if the average test scores are different for the different teaching methods? dfnum = 5, dfden = 45   dfnum = 4, dfden = 44   dfnum = 4, dfden = 40   dfnum = 45, dfden = 4   dfnum = 40, dfden = 4

Q: This year's statistics class was small (only 15 students)

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Q: How many different arrangements can be formed from the word STATISTICS?

A:

Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.