Amplification of a chemical signal occurs when?   a. phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinase receptors is balanced by the immediate removal of phosphate groups by phosphatases   b. a receptor in the plasma membrane activates several “first messenger” molecules while a signal molecule is bound to it   c. a cAMP molecule activates one protein kinase molecule before being converted to AMP   d. a receptor activates a single first messenger and a single second messenger

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Cell Signaling

It allows cells to perform various cellular activities, coordinate, and interact with other cells. All cells of an organism receive signals from their environments and respond accordingly. Even the unicellular eukaryotes receive signals secreted by other cells and respond. In the case of yeast, mating takes place by signaling between the yeast cells. Communication by cell signaling in a multicellular organism has become a vast and important part of various fields of biology.