Ammonium chloride decomposes to form ammonia gas, hydrogen gas, and chlorine gas. This is an endothermic reaction. A model of the overall balanced chemical reaction is shown below. Choose the correct sequence of energy diagrams to match the before, during, and after of the chemical reaction from choices a, b, c, or d. Justify your choice by explaining your answer.
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
Ammonium chloride decomposes to form ammonia gas, hydrogen gas, and chlorine gas. This is an endothermic reaction. A model of the overall balanced
![## Chemical Reaction and Energy Diagrams
### Chemical Reaction: Decomposition of Ammonium Chloride
#### Reaction Equation:
\[ 2 \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \rightarrow 2 \text{NH}_3 + \text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \]
### Stages of the Reaction:
#### Before (Starting Reactants):
- **Molecular Structure**: The molecular structures of the reactants (NH₄Cl) are shown. Each NH₄Cl molecule consists of an NH₄+ ion and a Cl- ion.
- **Diagram Configuration**:
- Two NH₄Cl molecules are depicted.
#### During (Reactant Bonds Broken):
- **Molecular Structure**: During this stage, the NH₄Cl molecules dissociate into separate atoms and ions.
- **Diagram Configuration**:
- Ions and atoms from the dissociation of NH₄Cl are shown separately: NH₄+, Cl-, H, and Cl.
#### After (New Bonds Made Products):
- **Molecular Structure**: The molecular structures of the products are shown. New bonds are formed to create NH₃, H₂, and Cl₂.
- **Diagram Configuration**:
- Two NH₃ molecules, one H₂ molecule, and one Cl₂ molecule are depicted.
### Energy Diagrams:
#### Description of Energy Diagrams:
Four sets of energy diagrams (labeled a, b, c, d) illustrate the potential and kinetic energy changes in the system and its surroundings during the chemical reaction. Each set comprises diagrams for potential energy and kinetic energy, divided into 'System' and 'Surroundings'.
- **Set a**:
- **Potential Energy (System/Surroundings)**: Depicts the distribution of potential energy between the system and surroundings.
- **Kinetic Energy (System/Surroundings)**: Shows the distribution of kinetic energy between the system and surroundings.
- **Set b**:
- Similar to set a with potential and kinetic energy distributions for the system and surroundings.
- **Set c**:
- Again illustrates potential and kinetic energy distributions but might indicate different values or proportions compared to sets a and b.
- **Set d**:
- The final set also shows potential and kinetic energy distributions similar to the previous sets but likely with distinct values.
Each bar graph in the sets represents varying levels of energy in the system and](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Ff66317fc-ed86-4f22-9308-86904c21cc6d%2F4a7baa6e-90da-4f36-b7ef-32cb74dcf7c8%2Fg88ihet_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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