Ammonia reacts with aluminium chloride as shown by the equation: NH3 + AICI3 H3NAICI3 (a) Draw diagrams to illustrate the shapes of NH3 molecules and of AICI3 molecules. Page 4 of 12 Include in your diagrams any lone pairs of electrons that influence the shape. Indicate the values of the bond angles. (b) Name the type of bond formed between N and Al in H3NAICI3 and explain how this bond is formed. Type of bond Explanation (c) Explain how the value of the Cl-Al-CI bond angle in AICI3 changes, if at all, on formation of the compound H3NAICI3
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
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