Amino acids, such as glycine, are the key building blocks of proteins and will be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 25. At the pH of the stomach, glycine exists predominantly in a protonated form in which there are two acidic protons of interest. The pKa values for these protons are shown. Using this information, draw the form of glycine that will predominate at physiological pH of 7.4.
Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Amino acids, such as glycine, are the key building blocks of proteins and will be discussed in greater detail in Chapter 25. At the pH of the stomach, glycine exists predominantly in a protonated form in which there are two acidic protons of interest. The pKa values for these protons are shown. Using this information, draw the form of glycine that will predominate at physiological pH of 7.4.
Amino acids
- Proteins are the polymers of nitrogenous compounds called amino acids.
- Each amino acid consists of an acidic carboxyl group and the basic amino group in addition to the R-side chain attached to the alpha carbon atom.
- In a polypeptide chain, amino acids are linked to each other through a special amide bond called peptide bond (-CONH-). Such bond formation is an example of a condensation reaction.
- The peptide bond is resonance stabilized and quite unreactive. However, carbonyl carbon can be easily attacked by an electronegative atom. The trans configuration of the peptide bond is more favorable than the Cis configuration.
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