Americans French Average Split Split Distance Swimmer Time (s) speed per Swimmer split (m/s) Time (s) Average speed per split (m/s) Michael Amaury 0-100m 47.51 47.91 Phelps Leveaux Garrett Fabien 100-200m Weber- 47.02 47.05 Gilot Gale Cullen Frederick 200-300m 47.65 46.63 Jones Bousquet Jason Alain 300-400m 46.06 46.73 Lezak Bernard

Americans French Average Split Split Distance Swimmer Time (s) speed per Swimmer split (m/s) Time (s) Average speed per split (m/s) Michael Amaury 0-100m 47.51 47.91 Phelps Leveaux Garrett Fabien 100-200m Weber- 47.02 47.05 Gilot Gale Cullen Frederick 200-300m 47.65 46.63 Jones Bousquet Jason Alain 300-400m 46.06 46.73 Lezak Bernard

College Physics

10th Edition

ISBN:9781285737027

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille

Chapter2: Motion In One Dimension

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2P: Light travels at a speed of about 3 103 m/s. (a) How many miles down a pulse of light travel in a...

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(a) Use the distance and velocity data in Figure 3.64 to find the rate of expansion as a function of distance. (b) If you extrapolate back in time, how long ago would all of the galaxies have been at approximately the same position? The two parts of this problem give you some idea of how the Hubble constant for universal expansion and the time back to the Big Bang are determined, respectively. Figure 3.64 Five galaxies on a straight line, showing their distances and velocities relative to the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy. The distances are in millions of light years (Mly), where a light year is the distance light travels in one year. The velocities are nearly proportional to the distances. The sizes of the galaxies are greatly exaggerated; an average galaxy is about 0.1 MlY across.
What is the order of magnitude of the time interval required for light to travel 10 km as in Galileos attempt to measure the speed of light? (a) several seconds (b) several milliseconds (c) several microseconds (d) several nanoseconds
The great astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that all distant galaxies are receding from our Milky Way Galaxy with velocities proportional to their distances. It appears to an observer on the Earth that we are at the center of an expanding universe. Figure 3.64 illustrates this for five galaxies lying along a straight line, with the Milky Way Galaxy at the center. Using the data from the figure, calculate the velocities: (a) relative to galaxy 2 and (b) relative to galaxy 5. The results mean that observers on all galaxies will see themselves at the center of the expanding universe, and they would likely be aware of relative velocities, concluding that it is not possible to locate the center of expansion with the given information. Figure 3.64 Five galaxies on a straight line, showing their distances and velocities relative to the Milky Way (MW) Galaxy. The distances are in millions of light years (Mly), where a light year is the distance light travels in one year. The velocities are nearly proportional to the distances. The sizes of the galaxies are greatly exaggerated; an average galaxy is about 0.1 MlY across.
How many times longer than the mean life of an extremely unstable atomic nucleus is the lifetime of a human? (Hint: The lifetime of an unstable atomic nucleus is on the order of 10-22 s.
A car traveling at 35.0 m/s takes 26.0 minutes to travel a certain distance according to the drivers clock in the car. How long does the trip take according to an observer at rest on Earth? Hint: The following approximation is helpful: [1x]121+12xforx1.
A spacecraft zooms past the Earth with a constant velocity. An observer on the Earth measures that an undamaged clock on the spacecraft is ticking at one-third the rate of an identical clock on the Earth. What does an observer on the spacecraft measure about the Earth-based clock's ticking rate? (a) It runs more than three times faster than his own clock. (b) It runs three times faster than his own. (c) It runs at the same rate as his own. (d) It runs at one-third the rate of his own. (e) It runs at less than one-third the rate of his own.
You have a great job working at a major league baseball stadium for the summer! At this stadium, the speed of every pitch is measured using a radar gun aimed at the pitcher by an operator behind home plate. The operator has so much experience with this job that he has perfected a technique by which he can make each measurement at the exact instant at which the ball leaves the pitchers hand. Your supervisor asks you to construct an algorithm that will provide the speed of the ball as it crosses home plate, 18.3 m from the pitcher, based on the measured speed vi of the ball as it leaves the pitchers hand. The speed at home plate will be lower due to the resistive force of the air on the baseball. The vertical motion of the ball is small, so, to a good approximation, we can consider only the horizontal motion of the ball. You begin to develop your algorithm by applying the particle under a net force to the baseball in the horizontal direction. A pitch is measured to have a speed of 40.2 m/s as it leaves the pitchers hand. You need to tell your supervisor how fast it was traveling as it crossed home plate. (Hint: Use the chain rule to express acceleration in terms of a derivative with respect to x, and then solve a differential equation for v to find an expression for the speed of the baseball as a function of its position. The function will involve an exponential. Also make use of Table 6.1.)
Unreasonable Results (a) Find the value of for the following situation. An astronaut measures the length of her spaceship to be 25.0 m, while an Earth-bound observer measures it to be 100 m. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?
(a) How fast would an athlete need to be running for a 100-m race to look 100 yd long? (b) Is the answer consistent with the fact that relativistic effects are difficult to observe in ordinary circumstances? Explain.
Bacteria move back and f01th by using their flagella (Structures that look like little tails). Speeds of up to 50m/s(50106m/s) have been observed. The total distance traveled by a bacterium is large for its size, while its displacement is small. Why is this?
Light travels at a speed of about 3 103 m/s. (a) How many miles down a pulse of light travel in a time interval of 0.1 s, which is about the blink of an eye? (b) Compare this distance to the diameter of Earth.
A hare and a tortoise compete in a race over a straight course 1.00 km long. The tortoise crawls at a speed of 0.200 m/s toward the finish line. The hare runs at a speed of 8.00 m/s toward the finish line for 0.800 km and then stops to tease the slow-moving tortoise as the tortoise eventually passes by. The hare waits for a while after the tortoise passes and then runs toward the finish line again at 8.00 m/s. Both the hare and the tortoise cross the finish line at the exact same instant. Assume both animals, when moving, move steadily at their respective speeds. (a) How far is the tortoise from the finish line when the hare resumes the race? (b) For how long in time was the hare stationary?