Although the inflammatory process is beneficial in most cases, it can sometimes be harmful. In what ways can you think of where this is the case?
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Although the inflammatory process is beneficial in most cases, it can sometimes be harmful. In what ways can you think of where this is the case?
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- Name the sources of the major inflammatory mediatorsWhich of the following is NOT a true statement about inflammation? Substances released by invading bacteria themselves are the molecules that initiate inflammation The last stage in inflammation is tissue repair Substances released from damaged body cells attract phagocytic leukocytes to the area Inflammation can be triggered by physical injury or infection Phagocytic leukocytes migrate through the walls of blood vessels into surrounding tissuesThe circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensins
- Many of the inflammatory mediators produced by tissue macrophages at sites of infection act on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel walls. An exception to this is (are) the: Cytokines that induce increased vascular permeability Chemokines that induce directed migration of blood monocytes Cytokines that induce increased expression of adhesion molecules TNF produced by tissue-resident sensor cells Bradykinin produced that causes painWhat is chronic inflammation and how is it mediated?How is chronic inflammation related to autoimmune diseases? explain at your own wordsWhich of the following statements are TRUE about the process of inflammation? (Select all that apply) Inflammation can occur with only the innate immune response involved. Leukocytes or white blood cells are found everywhere in the body to carry out inflammation as needed Growth factor from non-skin cells is responsible for the formation of scar tissue in place of the damaged skin cells The increase of warmed blood to a site of injury comes from the hypothalamus Phagocytes engulf invading microbes and dead white blood cells Phagocytosis is used during inflammation to make sure there is no debris
- List the sequence of events in an inflammatory response and describe each step.Draw a figure illustrating the sequence of events in a typical inflammatory response to a bacterial infection caused by injury to the skin (in 3 main stages). Include a note at top of figure: Is this an example of an innate response or adaptive immune response? Include the following structures/cells/chemicals: epidermis, dermis, splinter contaminated with bacteria puncturing skin, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, nitric oxide (as blue dots), endothelial cells lining capillary, red blood cells within capillary, histamine (as green dots). Under each stage, describe the events occurring in the 3 main stages: Stage 1: What do mast cells and endothelial cells produce in initial response to injury? What do the chemicals produced by the cells do? Stage 2: What happens to capillaries? What leaks out of capillaries to enter the site of the wound? Stage 3: What do neutrophils and macrophages do? What happens to capillaries at this point?What major events occur during an inflammatory reaction, and how do they contribute to pathogen destruction?
- Define inflammation. Mention its types and its morphological patternsWhich of the following statements is NOT true? O O None of the other four answers (All statements are true) When connective tissue (e.g., in the dermis) is damaged, repair leads to scar tissue formation During inflammation, all of the phagocytic leukocytes remain inside capillaries to prevent pathogens from entering the bloodstream The typical signs and symptoms of inflammation are redness, pain, heat, and swelling An abscess is an infection and collection of pus in a walled-off areaWhich of the following happens during inflammation? A) O The capillaries supplying blood to the area become more permeable. B)O Certain cytokines cause deadened nerve endings, alleviating pain. C) O Neutrophils exit blood vessels and phagocytize cells in the infected area. 11) D.OB cells and T cells exit blood vessels and interact with pathogens. E) O two of the above are correct