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allira OH HO d) e) HO ge OH H+ heat Li show repeat unit of polyester formed H+/H₂O

allira OH HO d) e) HO ge OH H+ heat Li show repeat unit of polyester formed H+/H₂O

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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### Esterification Reaction and Polyester Formation **Section d)** Reactants: - A molecule of butanedioic acid (succinic acid) with the chemical structure: \[ \text{HOOC-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH} \] - Three molecules of ethylene glycol with the chemical structure: \[ \text{HO-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \] **Conditions:** - Catalyst: \( \text{H}^+ \) (acidic environment) - Heat is applied. **Expected Product:** - The reaction results in the formation of new polymeric unit (repeat unit of polyester). **Explanation:** The esterification reaction between the dicarboxylic acid and the diol produces a polyester. Heating with an acid catalyst encourages the removal of water molecules, leading to the polyester formation through condensation reactions. **Section e)** Reactants: - A molecule of ethyl acrylate with the structure: \[ \text{H}_2\text{C}=\text{CH}-\text{COO-C}_2\text{H}_5 \] - A molecule of a benzene ring with lithium attached, representing an organolithium compound: \[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Li} \] **Conditions:** - Water is introduced in presence of a proton source \( (\text{H}^+)/\text{H}_2\text{O} \). **Expected Product:** - The final product of the reaction is not provided. **Explanation:** This reaction sequence generally points towards a nucleophilic addition of the organolithium compound to the carbonyl group of ethyl acrylate, followed by acidic workup with water to give the final product. ### Graphs or Diagrams There's a representation of the reactants and the reaction conditions leading to specific products. For section d), the expected outcome is the formation of a repeat unit of polyester. For section e), a typical organolithium addition reaction scenario is depicted but the final product structure is not illustrated. **Note:** Students are encouraged to understand the fundamental mechanisms of esterification and nucleophilic addition reactions to facilitate better comprehension of these chemical processes.
Transcribed Image Text:### Esterification Reaction and Polyester Formation **Section d)** Reactants: - A molecule of butanedioic acid (succinic acid) with the chemical structure: \[ \text{HOOC-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH} \] - Three molecules of ethylene glycol with the chemical structure: \[ \text{HO-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \] **Conditions:** - Catalyst: \( \text{H}^+ \) (acidic environment) - Heat is applied. **Expected Product:** - The reaction results in the formation of new polymeric unit (repeat unit of polyester). **Explanation:** The esterification reaction between the dicarboxylic acid and the diol produces a polyester. Heating with an acid catalyst encourages the removal of water molecules, leading to the polyester formation through condensation reactions. **Section e)** Reactants: - A molecule of ethyl acrylate with the structure: \[ \text{H}_2\text{C}=\text{CH}-\text{COO-C}_2\text{H}_5 \] - A molecule of a benzene ring with lithium attached, representing an organolithium compound: \[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Li} \] **Conditions:** - Water is introduced in presence of a proton source \( (\text{H}^+)/\text{H}_2\text{O} \). **Expected Product:** - The final product of the reaction is not provided. **Explanation:** This reaction sequence generally points towards a nucleophilic addition of the organolithium compound to the carbonyl group of ethyl acrylate, followed by acidic workup with water to give the final product. ### Graphs or Diagrams There's a representation of the reactants and the reaction conditions leading to specific products. For section d), the expected outcome is the formation of a repeat unit of polyester. For section e), a typical organolithium addition reaction scenario is depicted but the final product structure is not illustrated. **Note:** Students are encouraged to understand the fundamental mechanisms of esterification and nucleophilic addition reactions to facilitate better comprehension of these chemical processes.
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