Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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![### Esterification Reaction and Polyester Formation
**Section d)**
Reactants:
- A molecule of butanedioic acid (succinic acid) with the chemical structure:
\[
\text{HOOC-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}
\]
- Three molecules of ethylene glycol with the chemical structure:
\[
\text{HO-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}
\]
**Conditions:**
- Catalyst: \( \text{H}^+ \) (acidic environment)
- Heat is applied.
**Expected Product:**
- The reaction results in the formation of new polymeric unit (repeat unit of polyester).
**Explanation:**
The esterification reaction between the dicarboxylic acid and the diol produces a polyester. Heating with an acid catalyst encourages the removal of water molecules, leading to the polyester formation through condensation reactions.
**Section e)**
Reactants:
- A molecule of ethyl acrylate with the structure:
\[
\text{H}_2\text{C}=\text{CH}-\text{COO-C}_2\text{H}_5
\]
- A molecule of a benzene ring with lithium attached, representing an organolithium compound:
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Li}
\]
**Conditions:**
- Water is introduced in presence of a proton source \( (\text{H}^+)/\text{H}_2\text{O} \).
**Expected Product:**
- The final product of the reaction is not provided.
**Explanation:**
This reaction sequence generally points towards a nucleophilic addition of the organolithium compound to the carbonyl group of ethyl acrylate, followed by acidic workup with water to give the final product.
### Graphs or Diagrams
There's a representation of the reactants and the reaction conditions leading to specific products. For section d), the expected outcome is the formation of a repeat unit of polyester. For section e), a typical organolithium addition reaction scenario is depicted but the final product structure is not illustrated.
**Note:**
Students are encouraged to understand the fundamental mechanisms of esterification and nucleophilic addition reactions to facilitate better comprehension of these chemical processes.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7eb16600-8f07-40f7-854e-83024f28a747%2F8697bd11-d849-47f8-9559-6a3de2250847%2Fh2lphol_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:### Esterification Reaction and Polyester Formation
**Section d)**
Reactants:
- A molecule of butanedioic acid (succinic acid) with the chemical structure:
\[
\text{HOOC-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOH}
\]
- Three molecules of ethylene glycol with the chemical structure:
\[
\text{HO-CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH}
\]
**Conditions:**
- Catalyst: \( \text{H}^+ \) (acidic environment)
- Heat is applied.
**Expected Product:**
- The reaction results in the formation of new polymeric unit (repeat unit of polyester).
**Explanation:**
The esterification reaction between the dicarboxylic acid and the diol produces a polyester. Heating with an acid catalyst encourages the removal of water molecules, leading to the polyester formation through condensation reactions.
**Section e)**
Reactants:
- A molecule of ethyl acrylate with the structure:
\[
\text{H}_2\text{C}=\text{CH}-\text{COO-C}_2\text{H}_5
\]
- A molecule of a benzene ring with lithium attached, representing an organolithium compound:
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Li}
\]
**Conditions:**
- Water is introduced in presence of a proton source \( (\text{H}^+)/\text{H}_2\text{O} \).
**Expected Product:**
- The final product of the reaction is not provided.
**Explanation:**
This reaction sequence generally points towards a nucleophilic addition of the organolithium compound to the carbonyl group of ethyl acrylate, followed by acidic workup with water to give the final product.
### Graphs or Diagrams
There's a representation of the reactants and the reaction conditions leading to specific products. For section d), the expected outcome is the formation of a repeat unit of polyester. For section e), a typical organolithium addition reaction scenario is depicted but the final product structure is not illustrated.
**Note:**
Students are encouraged to understand the fundamental mechanisms of esterification and nucleophilic addition reactions to facilitate better comprehension of these chemical processes.
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