All of the following prion diseases, involving distortion of the normal a-helix into the abnormal b-pleated sheet structure, can be found in humans, with the exception of: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Kuru (laughing sickness) Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome Fatal Familial Insomnia Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
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All of the following prion diseases, involving distortion of the normal a-helix into the abnormal
b-pleated sheet structure, can be found in humans, with the exception of:
- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
- Kuru (laughing sickness)
- Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome
- Fatal Familial Insomnia
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
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- Among the following structures, the drug that can be given orally against B-lactamase-producing strain: is: CO-H OCH COOH I COOH II NH2 HO COOH III IV COOH Oll ONone of the above OlI OIVFor the mutations described below, categorize them in each of the following ways: [transition, transversion, insertion, or deletion]; [synonymous, missense, nonsense, frameshift, or regulatory]; [beneficial, deleterious, or neutral] a. A mutation in the SARS-CoV2 virus changes a codon in the gene encoding the spike protein from AAG to AAC. This mutation increases the ability of the virus to spread from person to person. b. Becker muscular dystrophy results in progressive wasting of skeletal and heart muscle tissue. A patient is found to have a mutation in the dystrophin gene (DMD) in the first nucleotide of intron 25. Normally, a G is in this position, but the patient has an A. c. Fur color in house cats is affected by several genes that encode pigment-producing enzymes. One such gene is found to have an additional C after position 45 in orange cats but not in black cats.a variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found in brazil. this variant contains the mutation K417N, where the amino acid K has been mutated to the amino acid N. K and N refers to the one letter codes of the amino acids. a) state the names of the amino acids K and N. b) state one difference between the properties of these 2 aminoacids
- Syn5 is a virus that infects photosynthetic bacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus. The Syn5 virion is icosahedral (660 Å in diameter) with a short tail and an appendage called a horn. The horn is located on a vertex directly opposite the tail. Syn5 follows the typical five steps observed for most viruses when they multiply, and progeny viruses are released when the host lyses. The assembly of Syn5 virions involves several proteins, including capsid proteins, scaffolding proteins, a portal protein, a terminase, tail proteins, and horn proteins. To better understand the assembly of Syn5 virions, scientists used a type of microscopy called Zernike phase contrast electron cryotomography. This type of microscopy improves the contrast typically seen for conventional cryotomography. In their studies, the scientists observed several different developing virus particles in infected cells. The particles were: (1) 660 Å icosahedron containing DNA and having a tail; (2) 660 Å icosahedron…Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.). They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Researchers determined that the lipids found in the virus form a bilayer membrane surrounding the virus, and are obtained from the membrane of the host cell during virus maturation and exit from host cell. Further…Gonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae. In the 1940s, penicillin was introduced as an antibiotic to treat gonorrhea. In particular, the drug inhibits the formation of new cell walls in dividing bacterial cells, making new cells vulnerable to the human body's defences. However, a new strain of Neiserria gonorrhoeae was found that is capable of breaking down penicillin, making this strain resistant. The emergence of this new strain has been associated with instances of non-strict compliance of certain patients on the use of penicillin as well as the improper administration of the drug. Based on the information given, formulate a strategy that could help control this new strain.
- One of the key biological characteristics of SARS-COV-2, as well as several other viruses, is the presence of spike proteins that allow these viruses to penetrate host cells and cause infection. With your knowledge about proteins, which best explain how denaturating agents such as alcohol, and detergents become effective in battling against SARS-CoV 2? O Denaturating agents were able to destroy the spike protein by detaching it to the virus, losing its ability to infect host. Denaturating agents were able to kill the viruses such as SARS-COV-2, therefore, they will no longer able to infect the host Denaturating agents were able to hydrolyze the spike protein to produce free amino acids, therefore, the function of the protein is now lost. Denaturating agents were able to disrupt the native structure of the spike protein, losing its ability to infect host.discuss the Role of telomere in disease Provide detailed examplesWhy is the resulting disease - COVID 19 - cause respiratory distress and/ or intestinal distress?
- Human Papillomaviruses has of many strains. Some of them cause warts while others can cause cancer. The question is why some strains cause cancer and others cause relatively harmless warts. Please mention the status of the viral genome (or parts of it), such as integrated or free, and the action of the viral oncogenes in terms of promoting cell division (when it would normally be controlled). And what proteins do the products of the viral oncogenes target? And also what is their normal function?Which of the following is in the correct order heme --> biliverdin --> bilirubin --> urobilins heme --> bilirubin --> biliverdin --> urobilins biliverdin --> heme --> bilirubin --> urobilins biliverdin --> bilirubin --> transferrin --> urobilins OodThe dUTPase enzyme is used by the African swine fever virus to repair its own DNA, as the cells the virus infects in swine do not express the dUTPase protein. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for the role of the dUTPase in the virus lifecycle? Explain your choice in 25 words or less. The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uracil should not be present in DNA The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine cannot correctly base pair with adenine-containing bases The dUTPase is necessary to remove dUTP from the viral genome, as uridine has the wrong sugar component for building DNA More than one of the above answers is correct None of the above answers is correct