Alice communicates some secret message to John. Attacker EVE exist in the network and capturing the communications, anyhow EVE gets to know that the security algorithm in use is playfair cipher and key is "CRYPTOGRAPHY". If captured ciphertext is "XFQBFQHELQBCFMDCABVFLVZBLD" then find out actual plaintext decrypted by EVE.

Q: Consider the following plaintext message P = Follow us What is the corresponding ciphertext if an…

A: To generate the key for a Vigenère action, Autokey adds a unique key to the message. Any encryption…

Q: Describe the simple protocol for classical cryptographic key exchange. Assume Alice and Bob want to…

A: GOAL :- Alice and bob want to communicate CRITERIA:- Cathy is the trusted third party Classical…

Q: We have the numbers 21,22,23,6955. This is an encrypted message with AES encryption. The first 3…

A: AES was established by NIST to encrypt data. It is a block cypher and key size is 128/192/256 bits.…

Q: Say you find a ciphertext 384 bits long which is encrypted with the one-time pad. How many keys will…

A: A one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technology that can't be broken when old in the standard…

Q: The ciphertext of the message " ILOVEMYUNIVERSITYVERYMUCH" after encryption by using Transposition…

A: Given:

Q: Cryptography problem ! In an RSA system, Eve has found out that n = 6887 and o(n) = 6720. Factor n.…

A: The Answer is in Below Steps

Q: Hariz sends his message to Harraz by encrypting the message using Transposition Cipher with a key…

A:

Q: Ahmed is using a brute-force attack to decrypt a message between two teachers, which means that: O…

A: Task :- Choose the correct option for given question.

Q: Suppose we received the ciphertext “YLUJLQLD” that was encrypted using a Caesar cipher (shift k =…

A: In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an technique or algorithm for performing…

Q: Can a message's authentication code alter either the Tag or the ciphertext en route? There can never…

A: Although MAC characteristics and cryptographic hash features are comparable to one another, the…

Q: Given that "SECURITY" is the shared key and the output of DES round 15 is "IT? 7b/," what is the…

A: Keys shared and public: SKIP encrypts communications using shared keywords and public key…

Q: In the ElGamal cryptosystem, Alice and Bob use p = 17 and α = 3. Bob chooses his secret to be a =…

A: According to the information given:-We have to follow the instruction in order to get the plaintext…

Q: Alice and Bob are using the ElGamal cipher with 89 and a = 3. the parameters p = = Suppose Alice is…

A: Thе ElGamal ciphеr is a public-kеy еncryption algorithm that is basеd on thе Diffiе-Hеllman kеy…

Q: Alice and Bob agree to use the prime p = 1373 and the base g = 2 for communications using the…

A: The ciphertext is been decrypted below

Q: Suppose Bob receives a PGP message from Alice. If Bob receives a message, how does he know it was…

A: Bob can verify the authenticity of the PGP message by checking the digital signature that is…

Q: Alice is to send a message to Bob using the RSA cryptosystem. Compute n (Bob's public key), a (Bob's…

A: Ggg  n=p * q    =5651 * 5557     =31402607  ϕ(n) =(p-1)*(q-1)            =(5651-1)*(5557-1)…

Q: You encrypt the message zzzzzzzzzz (there are 10 z's) using the following cryptosystem: Vigenère…

A: solution: 1) Affine cipher As we know both the ciphertext and the plain text. We have to find the…

Q: List the function of group accessors?

A:

Q: The ciphertext of the message " ILOVEMYUNIVERSITYVERYMUCH" after encryption by using Transposition…

A: Given:

Q: Is it feasible for a message authentication code to modify either the Tag or the ciphertext while…

A: Introduction: However, although MAC and cryptographic hash functions have certain similarities, the…

Q: Eve is attempting a short plaintext attack on a ciphertext C that was encrypted using RSA. She knows…

A: Given that: c·13-e ≡ 241719 mod n55e ≡ 241719 mod n RSA modulus n and the encryption exponent e are…

Q: The adversary manipulates the Tag (the encrypted message) by means of the MAC (message…

A: If an adversary successfully manipulates the Tag by means of the MAC (also known as a "MAC spoofing…

Q: Encipher the message 'cryptography’ using a Shift Cipher with k = 10.

A: Encipher the message 'cryptography’ using a Shift Cipher with k = 10.

Q: calculate the ciphertext C, and the value for R when Maryam recovers the message

A: Encryption is the method to change the value in some other values when traveling the data in server…

Q: In Secure E-mail, Alice wants to provide secrecy, sender authentication, and e-mail integrity to…

A:

Q: uppose we are told that the plaintext  breathtaking when ecrypted, the ciphertext becomes:…

A: The Answer is as follows.

Q: Give detailed reasons to you friend why you think using vernam cipher encryption algorithm is the…

A: Here two friends are sending messages over internet and they decided to encrypt the messages. One of…

Q: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. We conduct a…

A: The plain text is given by 11110101, and the corresponding ciphertext is given by 10111100. By…

Q: A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages,…

A: A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages,…

Q: Alice and Bob are using the EIGamal cipher with the parameters p = 89 and a = = 3. Suppose Alice is…

A: Thе ElGamal ciphеr can be defined in such a way that it is a public-kеy еncryption algorithm that is…

Q: Alice and Bob are using the ElGamal cipher with the parameters ?=19p=19 and ?=2α=2. Their parameters…

A:

Q: Alice and Bob are using the EIGamal cipher with 199 and a 3. the parameters p = = Their parameters…

A: Thе ElGamal ciphеr is a public-kеy еncryption algorithm that is basеd on thе Diffiе-Hеllman kеy…

Q: For simplicity, let's say a Vigen'ere cypher is used to scramble a long piece of text, and the same…

A: The Vigen'ere cypher is as follows: The Vigen'ere cypher is a technique for encrypting alphabetic…

Q: The adversary manipulates the Tag (the encrypted message) by means of the MAC (message…

A: The answer is given in the below step

Q: What happens if an adversary attempts to tamper with the Tag (the MAC) and the ciphertext while the…

A: Cryptography It is a method of securing information and communications by employing codes, ensuring…

Q: The ciphertext of the message " ILOVEMYUNIVERSITYVERYMUCH " after encryption by using Transposition…

A: Answer: VNSEC OURVU LYEYM IMVTYY Cipher text ILOVEMYUNIVERSITYVERY MUCH KEY: 54321 Filling the text…