Correct and detailed answer will be Upvoted else downvoted. Thank you! **Title: Secure E-mail Communication: Ensuring Secrecy, Authentication, and Integrity**### IntroductionIn secure e-mail communication, Alice wants to ensure secrecy, sender authentication, and e-mail integrity when sending a message to Bob. This process involves several cryptographic operations that help protect the email from interception and unauthorized modifications. The following diagram illustrates the notations and operations conducted by Bob after receiving the email.### Diagram DescriptionIn the given diagram, the process of securing an email by Alice and the subsequent operations by Bob are outlined. Below is a detailed explanation of each step depicted in the diagram.#### Encryption and Sending Process1. **Message (m):** - Alice begins with the plain text message 'm' that needs to be sent securely.2. **Hash Function (H):** - Alice applies a hash function H() to the message m, producing a hash value H(m).3. **Signing with Private Key:** - Alice signs the hash value H(m) using her private key \(K_A^-\), generating a signed hash \(K_A^-(H(m))\). This step provides sender authentication and integrity.4. **Appending the Signed Hash:** - The original message m and the signed hash \(K_A^-(H(m))\) are combined together.5. **Encryption with Session Key (K_S):** - Alice encrypts the combined data (m and \(K_A^-(H(m)\)) using a symmetric session key \(K_S\).6. **Encrypting Session Key:** - The session key \(K_S\) itself is then encrypted using Bob's public key \(K_B^+\), creating \(K_B^+(K_S)\).7. **Sending the Email:** - Alice sends the encrypted message and the encrypted session key \(K_B^+(K_S)\) over the Internet.#### Decryption and Verification Process by Bob1. **Receiving the E-mail:** - Bob receives the encrypted email which includes the encrypted message \(K_S(\cdot)\) and the encrypted session key \(K_B^+(K_S)\).2. **Decrypting the Session Key:** - Bob decrypts the encrypted session key \(K_B^+(K_S)\) using his private key \(K_B^-\), obtaining the session key \(K_S\).3. **Decrypting the Message:** - Bob uses

Answered: Image /qna-images/answer/8931e55f-2227-47e6-8f40-cb2536ae4189.jpg

In Secure E-mail, Alice wants to provide secrecy, sender authentication, and e-mail integrity to Bob. After receiving E-mail, show the notations conducted at Bob. KA |Ka(H(m)) m- H() H KAO Ks() m Internet Ks* KB(Ks)

In Secure E-mail, Alice wants to provide secrecy, sender authentication, and e-mail integrity to Bob. After receiving E-mail, show the notations conducted at Bob. KA |Ka(H(m)) m- H() H KAO Ks() m Internet Ks* KB(Ks)

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)

7th Edition

ISBN:9780133594140

Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross

Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...

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Correct and detailed answer will be Upvoted else downvoted. Thank you!

**Title: Secure E-mail Communication: Ensuring Secrecy, Authentication, and Integrity**

### Introduction
In secure e-mail communication, Alice wants to ensure secrecy, sender authentication, and e-mail integrity when sending a message to Bob. This process involves several cryptographic operations that help protect the email from interception and unauthorized modifications. The following diagram illustrates the notations and operations conducted by Bob after receiving the email.

### Diagram Description
In the given diagram, the process of securing an email by Alice and the subsequent operations by Bob are outlined. Below is a detailed explanation of each step depicted in the diagram.

#### Encryption and Sending Process
1. **Message (m):**
- Alice begins with the plain text message 'm' that needs to be sent securely.

2. **Hash Function (H):**
- Alice applies a hash function H() to the message m, producing a hash value H(m).

3. **Signing with Private Key:**
- Alice signs the hash value H(m) using her private key \(K_A^-\), generating a signed hash \(K_A^-(H(m))\). This step provides sender authentication and integrity.

4. **Appending the Signed Hash:**
- The original message m and the signed hash \(K_A^-(H(m))\) are combined together.

5. **Encryption with Session Key (K_S):**
- Alice encrypts the combined data (m and \(K_A^-(H(m)\)) using a symmetric session key \(K_S\).

6. **Encrypting Session Key:**
- The session key \(K_S\) itself is then encrypted using Bob's public key \(K_B^+\), creating \(K_B^+(K_S)\).

7. **Sending the Email:**
- Alice sends the encrypted message and the encrypted session key \(K_B^+(K_S)\) over the Internet.

#### Decryption and Verification Process by Bob
1. **Receiving the E-mail:**
- Bob receives the encrypted email which includes the encrypted message \(K_S(\cdot)\) and the encrypted session key \(K_B^+(K_S)\).

2. **Decrypting the Session Key:**
- Bob decrypts the encrypted session key \(K_B^+(K_S)\) using his private key \(K_B^-\), obtaining the session key \(K_S\).

3. **Decrypting the Message:**
- Bob uses

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