A square matrix A is nilpotent if A" : = 0 for some positive integer n. Let V be the vector space of all 2 x 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 × 2 nilpotent matrices with real entries. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? 1. Is H nonempty? choose 2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as [[1,2], [3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer [1 2] [56] 3.6 . (Hint: to show that H is not closed under addition, it is sufficient to find two nilpotent matrices A 3 4 and B such that (A + B)" ‡ 0 for all positive integers n.) 3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in R and a matrix in H whose product is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 2, [[3,4], [5,6]] for the answer [34] 2, 3] (Hint: to show that is not closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number r 5 and a nilpotent matrix A such that (rA)” ‡ 0 for all positive integers n.) 4. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? You should be able to justify your answer by writing a complete, coherent, and detailed proof based on your answers to parts 1-3. choose

Advanced Engineering Mathematics
10th Edition
ISBN:9780470458365
Author:Erwin Kreyszig
Publisher:Erwin Kreyszig
Chapter2: Second-order Linear Odes
Section: Chapter Questions
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A square matrix A is nilpotent if A" :
=
0 for some positive integer n.
Let V be the vector space of all 2 x 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 × 2 nilpotent matrices with real
entries. Is H a subspace of the vector space V?
1. Is H nonempty?
choose
2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H,
using a comma separated list and syntax such as [[1,2], [3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer
[1 2] [56]
3.6
. (Hint: to show that H is not closed under addition, it is sufficient to find two nilpotent matrices A
3 4
and B such that (A + B)" ‡ 0 for all positive integers n.)
3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in R and a matrix in H
whose product is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 2, [[3,4], [5,6]] for the answer
[34]
2,
3]
(Hint: to show that is not closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number r
5
and a nilpotent matrix A such that (rA)” ‡ 0 for all positive integers n.)
4. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? You should be able to justify your answer by writing a complete,
coherent, and detailed proof based on your answers to parts 1-3.
choose
Transcribed Image Text:A square matrix A is nilpotent if A" : = 0 for some positive integer n. Let V be the vector space of all 2 x 2 matrices with real entries. Let H be the set of all 2 × 2 nilpotent matrices with real entries. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? 1. Is H nonempty? choose 2. Is H closed under addition? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter two matrices in H whose sum is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as [[1,2], [3,4]], [[5,6],[7,8]] for the answer [1 2] [56] 3.6 . (Hint: to show that H is not closed under addition, it is sufficient to find two nilpotent matrices A 3 4 and B such that (A + B)" ‡ 0 for all positive integers n.) 3. Is H closed under scalar multiplication? If it is, enter CLOSED. If it is not, enter a scalar in R and a matrix in H whose product is not in H, using a comma separated list and syntax such as 2, [[3,4], [5,6]] for the answer [34] 2, 3] (Hint: to show that is not closed under scalar multiplication, it is sufficient to find a real number r 5 and a nilpotent matrix A such that (rA)” ‡ 0 for all positive integers n.) 4. Is H a subspace of the vector space V? You should be able to justify your answer by writing a complete, coherent, and detailed proof based on your answers to parts 1-3. choose
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