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- ***Please do A or C*** a. Compute CBC-MAC for a message of 16 bits, “8642” (in Hexa). Assume a block size of 8 bits with an IV=F1 (in hexa). For simplicity, assume the encryption to be a simple XOR of the key with the plaintext. Let the encryption key be B4 (in Hexa). (Hint: Divide the message into blocks of 8 bits each; XOR each block with the previous cipher output; then encrypt this with the key. For the first block, XOR it with IV. Details in pages 325-326 Ch.12 of the textbook) b. Suppose Alice computes the Secret prefix MAC (page 322: secret prefix MAC(x) = h(key || x)) for the message ”AM” (in ASCII) with key “G” (in ASCII) that both Alice and Bob know. The hash function that is used is h(x1x2x3)= g(g(x1 XOR x2) XOR x3 ) where each xi is a character represented as 8 bits, and g(x) is a 8-bit string that is equal to the complement of bits in x. For example, g(10110011) = 01001100. The MAC is 8 bits. (8-bit ASCII representation of the characters is given below.) What is the…Description Find the sum of 10.2510 and 5.2510 using the 14-bit "simple" floating-point model. Hint: Refer to slides or class notes for a similar example.Q2: Write a Assembly language program that copies the BYTES from array V1 to array V2 using indexed addressing, PTR Operator and LOOP such that after execution of your code the elements of V2 will become [78h, 56h, 34h, 12h, 21h, 43h, 65h, 87h]. The data is given in the data segment below .data v1 DWORD 12345678h, 87654321h
- 11. Perform each of these operations using the bases shown. a. 32five x 4five b. 32five divide 4five c. 43six x 23six d. 143five divide 3five e. 10010two divide 11two f. 10110two x 101twoYou are given the following function moveIndexes, where NR and NC are numerical constants. The function receives as parameters rp and cp, two pointers to int. The goal of the function is to modify the values pointed by rp and cp as follows: if rp and cp originally point to the indexes of a certain cell of the matrix, after function invocation they must point to the indexes of a cell at a distance delta from the original one. int moveIndexes (int M[NR] [NC], int *rp, int *ocp, int delta) ( int i, j, *p, *p0; i = *rp; j = *cp; if (i=NR |l j=NC) return l; // error - nothing done p0 = & (M[0] [0]); p = & (M[i][j]); p = p+delta; if (p & (M[NR-1] [NC-1])) return 1; // error nothing done *rp = (p - p0) / NC; *cp = (p - p0) & NC; return 0;Problem 1. We usually write numbers in decimal form (or base 10), meaning numbers are composed using 10 different "digits" {0, 1,..., 9). Sometimes though it is useful to write numbers hexadecimal or base 16. Now there are 16 distinct digits that can be used to form numbers: {0, 1, ..., 9, A, B, C, D, E, F) where A, B, C, D, E and F represent digits with values 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15, respectively. So for example, a 3 digit hexadecimal number might be 2B8 = 8 + (B) 16+ (2) 16² = 8+ (11) 16+ (2) 16² = 696. (a) How many 2-digit hexadecimals are there in which the first digit is E or F? Explain your answer in terms of the additive principle (using either events or sets). (b) Explain why your answer to the previous part is correct in terms of the multiplicative principle (using either events or sets). Why do both the additive and multiplicative principles give you the same answer? (c) How many 3-digit hexadecimals start with a letter (A-F) and end with a numeral (0-9)? Explain. (d) How…
- 5. Hamming Codes a) Suppose we want an error correcting code that will allow all single-bit errors to be corrected for memory words of length 15. How many check bits are necessary? b) Suppose we are now working with memory words of length 8. We have already calculated that we need 4 check bits, and the length of all codewords will be 12. We now receive the following code word: 010011011111 Is this a legal codeword, assuming even parity? If not, where is the error?You are writing code that is equivalent to: X = A / (5 + B) Assume signed bytes and the following first 3 lines of code: mov al,A mov bl,B add bl,5 What is the one line of code that will perform the division correctly?14. For this question, mark all answers that apply. Assuming that i, j, and k are all 32-bit int and a, b, and c are all normal 32-bit float, and that no values go out of range, which of the following must be true? a* (b*c) = (a*b)*c If a>0 and b>0, then (a+b) >a i+(j+k) i*(j*k) (i+j)+k == == == (i+j)+k (i*j)*k k+(j+i)
- Example: Assuming m-7 bits and using three of those bits for representing the fractional part, ( 1100.000 )2 ( 0110.000 )2 ( 0011.000 )2 ( 0001.100 )2 ( 0000.110 )2 ( 0000.011 )2 (12)10 %3D (12)10 / 2 (6)10 (6)10 /2 (3)10 (3)10 /2 (1.5)10 (1.5)10 / 2 (0.75)10 (0.75)10 / 2 (0.375)10 In this case, each successive division by two has shifted the binary sequence to the right by one bit.1. Consider the applications of the following number systems and explain why they are best suited for implementation of such systems.a) Binaryb) Octalc) Decimald) Hexadecimal 2. Briefly introduce the concept of number systems with detailed explanations of 3 number systems that have been used in history. 3. Briefly describe three methods that computers can use to check for error detection if the text being transmitted is “HEY”. 4. The weighted method is ideal for decimal-to-binary conversions because of its efficiency. However, it could also be used for other bases. Briefly describe how the weighted method could be used to implement a conversion from decimal to tenary.1. TRUE OR FALSE. a) Unicode is a 8-bit code, occupying twice the disk space for text as EBCDIC would require. b) Hamming codes, used for error detection and correction, are useful for burst errors (where we could reasonably expect multiple adjacent bits to be incorrect). c) CRCs are useful for error correction. d) A byte is 8 bits, but a word may vary in size (16-bits, 32-bits, etc.) from one architecture to another. e) The largest value that a 60-bit signed binary integer can represent is (260 -1). f) An Excess-M integer representation includes more negative numbers than it does positive ones.
