None Alexa Fluor 568 is a fluorescent dye that in aqueous solution displays amaximum absorbance at 576 nm, a quantum yield of 0.69, a lifetime of 3.60 nsand a Stokes shift of 24 nm.(i) Show a schematic of a typical fluorimeter and its main components.Briefly explain the role of each component.(ii) Explain what is the "Stokes shift" and what physical processes underpinthe observation of such shifts; use diagrams and/or equations asappropriate in your explanation.(iii) Calculate the radiative decay constant of Alexa Fluor 568.

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Principles of Instrumental Analysis

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305577213

Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch

Publisher:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch

Chapter18: Raman Spectroscopy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18.7QAP

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Alexa Fluor 568 is a fluorescent dye that in aqueous solution displays a maximum absorbance at 576 nm, a quantum yield of 0.69, a lifetime of 3.60 ns and a Stokes shift of 24 nm. (i) Show a schematic of a typical fluorimeter and its main components. Briefly explain the role of each component. (ii) Explain what is the "Stokes shift" and what physical processes underpin the observation of such shifts; use diagrams and/or equations as appropriate in your explanation. (iii) Calculate the radiative decay constant of Alexa Fluor 568.
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Express a wavelength of 442 nm as (a) a frequency. (b) a wavenumber.
Find the uncertainty ox in x as a function of the uncertainties ou and oy in u and v for the following functions: (u+v) (а) х %3 2 (b) x =uv? (c) x= u? +v?
(b) Calculate the half width in nanometers for Doppler broadening of the 4s S 4p transition for atomic nickel at 361.939 nm (3619.39 Å) at a temperature of 20,000 K in both wavelength and frequency units. (c) Estimate the natural line width for the transition in (b) assuming that the lifetime of the excited state is 5*10^(-8) s.
Calculate the moment of inertia for HCl molecule from the given value of rotational constant, B = 10.40 cm. (A) 2.68 ×1047 kg m? (B) 4.21x10-1 kg m? (C) 2.68x10-51 kg m? 2 (D) 4.21 x10" kg m?
Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is a quantitative method for determining trace elements in liquid samples. ICP-OES and other methods of spectrochemical analysis are typically subject to errors due to the present of interferences. It had been reported that ICP-OES is significantly affected by spectral interference, but relatively less affected by the chemical interferences. (i) Explain why ICP-OES is significantly affected by spectral interference but less affected by chemical interferences.
What is the Doppler-shifted wavelength of a red (680 nm) traffic light approached at 60 km h−1?
Q/ The bond length of the C0O molecule is 112.8 pm. Calculate the following (a) The reduced mass. (b) The rotational constant of CO when moment of inertia (I) is 1.4486 x 1046 kg.m² (c) Calculate the wavelength of the photon absorbed when a CO molecule initially in the J=2 level. makes a transition to the J=3 level.
(a) Calculate the moment of inertia of (i) 1H2, (ii) 2H2, (iii) 12C16O2, (iv) 13CO2 . (b) Calculate the corresponding rotational constants, expressing your answers as a frequency in hertz (Hz) and as a wavenumber in reciprocal centimetres (cm-1).
(i) Explain how the mass of the particle(s) involved affects the separation between energy levels in quantum mechanics. (ii) Explain why the sensitivity of an NMR experiment is affected by the strength of the applied magnetic field. (iii) Explain why, to a good approximation, rotational and vibrational transitions do not change the energies of electrons.
The first three absorption lines in the pure rotational spec- trum of gaseous 12C16O are found to have the frequencies 1.15 x 1011, 2.30 × 1011, and 3.46 × 1011 s-1. Calculate: (a) The moment of inertia I of CO (in kg m²) (b) The energies of the J = 1, J = 2, and J = 3 rotational levels of CO, measured from the J = 0 state (in joules) (c) The C-O bond length (in angstroms)

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