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Low doses of aspirin are commonly used to reduce the risk of arterial thrombosis in patients who have suffered myocardial infarction. Which one of the following steps in hemostasis is inhibited by aspirin?
- Aggregation of platelets|
- Adhesion of platelets to collagen
- Production of tissue factor
- Synthesis of von Willebrand factor
- Synthesis of antithrombin III|
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- (please type answer).Cardiomyocyte action potential 3 4 5 2 1 0.15 0.30 time (s) For our course, "regular" cardiocytes are cardiocytes that are NOT part of the SA node. Please use the word bank to complete the following statements: (choices can be used more than once, obviously) voltage-gated calcium channels voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated potassium channels stable not stable Unlike SA node cardiocytes, regular cardiocytes have a resting membrane potential that is Regular cardiocytes become stimulated when calcium and sodium pass fro neighboring excited cardiocytes through gap junctions (see 1). This causes to open, resulting in the regular cardiocytes to sharply depolarize (see 2). At 3, these channels close, and open, resulting in both depolarization and sarcomere contraction. Also at 3, open, causing the cell to repolarize. The opposing forces, (depolarization and repolarization) of the two channels that are open simultaneously, results in a plateau (see 4). This plateau continues until…Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood. Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body? Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t0IngUYN2OA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPxnIh_WTb8 Part1 1) How would the BP of an anxious patient visiting a doctor be different than if the patient is calm? 2) In atherosclerosis, plaque builds up inside the arteries. How would this affect BP? Is this an example of hypertension or hypotension? Part 2: The circulatory system has 5 functions. · Highlight the statements below that are only functions of the circulatory system. It carries cells that help to fight diseases. It gives structure and support to the body. It carries waste products to the urinary system. It carries carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs. It maintains body posture. It carries nutrients from the digestive system to other cells. It carries oxygen from the lungs to other cells. · The list gives some structures in the blood and circulatory system. Heart, artery, red blood cell, ventricle, capillary, plasma, vein, white blood…Hemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow. Can the Bernoulli's equation be used to study hemodynamics in the cardiovascular system? Why or why not? You should discuss all four of the assumptions of Bernoulli's equation when answering this question. Jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms) Pulmonary artery Superior vena cava Interior vena cava Hepatic vein Liver Hepatic portal vein Renal vein Iliac vein CO₂ CO₂ Head and arms Lungs Heart Kidneys Trunk and legs Carotid artery (also subclavian artery to arms) Pulmonary vein Aorta Hepatic artery Mesenteric arteries Digestive tract Renal artery Iliac arteryThe exact cause of blood clotting in the left atrium of the heart during atrial fibrillation (AF) is not known. In part it might be due to blood stasis (not moving) or it may result in combination with endothelial cells damage. (A) What are the potential mechanisms that might drive clotting and what markers might you look for in the blood to predict potential risk? (B) Other than treating the arrhythmia, what other pharmacological intervention might be provided to AF sufferers?
- As blood flows from the aorta to the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries and through the venous circulation, it encounters various resistances to flow, which results in pressure drops. Using the table, calculate the resistance for an artery and a capillary. (Note: The viscosity of the blood is 3.5 × 10-3 Pa-s.)Patients with a history of heart failure often get this history from chronic hypertension. Chronic hypertension leads to a condition called hypertrophic heart disease, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This means that the heart muscle gets bigger, allowing less room for it to fill with blood. If these patients take beta blockers, such as metoprolol, it will benefit them because the heart will not overwork and grow in size. However, if a patient has pulmonary edema, how could the beta blocker make this patient worse?Please help in answering this question - more than one answer may be correct: The pulsatile flow created by the heart is converted to continuous flow by A) magic B) closing of the mitral valve C) resistance of the arteries D) resistance of the arterioles E) elasticity of arteries
- Explain the design, function and disadvantage of the three types of oxygenators used in the cardiopulmonary bypass. For heparin-coated membrane oxygenator, what is the function of heparin in the design?Heart disease accounted for 25% of deaths in the U.S. The vast majority of these deaths are caused by atherosclerosis, a degenerative disease of arteries. Over the course of many years, lipid (fat)-rich deposits develop in arterial lining. These thickening of arterial lining may induce sudden development of a thrombus that completely blocks the vessel and obstructs the flow of blood to heart muscle, which subsequently cause heart muscle to die; this condition is called “heart attack” or myocardial infarct. Discuss: 1. the anatomy of the coronary arteries and explain the risk factors for coronary heart disease. 2. What advice you will give to your patient in regard to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.What is the relationship of chest pain in myocardial infarction to the bioenergetic pathways (Krebs Cycle, ketosis, oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain, etc)?
