Aerobic respiration and fermentation have the process of ______ in common which takes place in the ______ (location) of the cell. During fermentation pyruvate is metabolized to produce _____ or _______ _____, depending on the organism. There is a net production of _____ (number) ATP molecules per glucose molecule during fermentation.
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
Aerobic respiration and fermentation have the process of ______ in common which takes place in the ______ (location) of the cell. During fermentation pyruvate is
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen whereas fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen. Aerobic respiration yields more energy in comparison to fermentation.
In fermentation, glucose is broken down to yield energy in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation begins with glycolysis.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in Muscle cells where NADH transfers its electrons directly to pyruvate, generating lactate as a byproduct.
Glucose ----------2 Pyruvate --•-----2 lactate.
Ethanol fermentation occurs in yeast wheare NADH donates its electrons to a derivative of pyruvate, producing ethanol.
Glucose ------2 pyruvate ------2 acetaldehyde ----2 ethanol.
In aerobic respiration, glycolysis yields 2 pyruvate. Then in presence of oxygen, pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle which occurs in mitochondria. After that oxidative phosphorylation occurs in mitochondria. Aerobic respiration yields 32 ATP.
Reaction of aerobic respiration is
Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen 6(O2) → Carbon-dioxide 6(CO2) + Water 6 (H2O) + Energy (ATP)
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