Advantages of using a related sample (either one sample of participants with repeated measures or two matched samples) versus using two independent samples include which of the following? Check all that apply. a) Related samples (specifically, one sample of participants with repeated measures) require fewer participants for the same degree of power. b) Related samples have less sample variance, increasing the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is false (that is, increasing power). c) A related-samples design reduces or eliminates problems caused by individual differences such as age, IQ, gender, or personality. d) Related samples (specifically, one sample of participants with repeated measures) can have an order effect such that a change observed between one measurement and the next might be attributable to the order in which the measurements were taken rather than to a treatment effect.
Advantages of using a related sample (either one sample of participants with repeated measures or two matched samples) versus using two independent samples include which of the following? Check all that apply.
a) Related samples (specifically, one sample of participants with repeated measures) require fewer participants for the same degree of power.
b) Related samples have less sample variance, increasing the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis if it is false (that is, increasing power).
c) A related-samples design reduces or eliminates problems caused by individual differences such as age, IQ, gender, or personality.
d) Related samples (specifically, one sample of participants with repeated measures) can have an order effect such that a change observed between one measurement and the next might be attributable to the order in which the measurements were taken rather than to a treatment effect.
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