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AChange of Comeometer value (AU) 39. 10 Control group 8 -- GOS group 6 4 8 Time (week) p<0.05 12 Figure 1. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the Corneometer value in the healthy adults. The asterisks indicate significant differences (p<0.05. "P<0.001) between the base- line and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p-value shown on the graph indicates a sig- nificant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week byr test. All data were two-sided at the 5% sig- nificance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. AChange of TEWL (g/h/m²) Control group -0-GOS group 0 p<0.05 4 8 12 Time (week) Figure 2. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on transep- idermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults. Asterisks indicate a significant difference ('p<0.05) between the baseline and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p value shown on the graph indicates a significant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week byr test. All data were two-sided at the 5% significance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. Above are two figures from the study by Hong et al. (2017) looking at the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic on skin health over a 12-week period. Figure 1 shows the effects on skin hydration measured using an instrument called a Corneometer and Figure 2 shows its effects on skin barrier function measured as trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Based on the above figures, please answer the following questions: A. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin hydration? If so, at what time point (s)? Describe anything else that strikes as interesting or odd to you about the data depicted in the figure. B. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin barrier function? If so, at what time point? C. Why do you think there is a change in the skin hydration and skin barrier values with the placebo? What is this observation called? D. Have the authors used appropriate statistical analysis for the assessments reported? Provide brief reasoning

AChange of Comeometer value (AU) 39. 10 Control group 8 -- GOS group 6 4 8 Time (week) p<0.05 12 Figure 1. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the Corneometer value in the healthy adults. The asterisks indicate significant differences (p<0.05. "P<0.001) between the base- line and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p-value shown on the graph indicates a sig- nificant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week byr test. All data were two-sided at the 5% sig- nificance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. AChange of TEWL (g/h/m²) Control group -0-GOS group 0 p<0.05 4 8 12 Time (week) Figure 2. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on transep- idermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults. Asterisks indicate a significant difference ('p<0.05) between the baseline and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p value shown on the graph indicates a significant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week byr test. All data were two-sided at the 5% significance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. Above are two figures from the study by Hong et al. (2017) looking at the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic on skin health over a 12-week period. Figure 1 shows the effects on skin hydration measured using an instrument called a Corneometer and Figure 2 shows its effects on skin barrier function measured as trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Based on the above figures, please answer the following questions: A. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin hydration? If so, at what time point (s)? Describe anything else that strikes as interesting or odd to you about the data depicted in the figure. B. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin barrier function? If so, at what time point? C. Why do you think there is a change in the skin hydration and skin barrier values with the placebo? What is this observation called? D. Have the authors used appropriate statistical analysis for the assessments reported? Provide brief reasoning

MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
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AChange of Comeometer value (AU) 39. 10 8 6 4 Control group -O-GOS group 0 8 Time (week) p<0.05 12 Figure 1. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the Corneometer value in the healthy adults. The asterisks indicate significant differences (p<0.05, p<0.001) between the base- line and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p-value shown on the graph indicates a sig- nificant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week by r test. All data were two-sided at the 5% sig- nificance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. AChange of TEWL (g/h/m²) Control group -O-GOS group 0 p<0.05 4 8 12 Time (week) Figure 2. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on transep- idermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults. Asterisks indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) between the baseline and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p value shown on the graph indicates a significant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week by test. All data were two-sided at the 5% significance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. Above are two figures from the study by Hong et al. (2017) looking at the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic on skin health over a 12-week period. Figure 1 shows the effects on skin hydration measured using an instrument called a Corneometer and Figure 2 shows its effects on skin barrier function measured as trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Based on the above figures, please answer the following questions: A. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin hydration? If so, at what time point (s)? Describe anything else that strikes as interesting or odd to you about the data depicted in the figure. B. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin barrier function? If so, at what time point? C. Why do you think there is a change in the skin hydration and skin barrier values with the placebo? What is this observation called? D. Have the authors used appropriate statistical analysis for the assessments reported? Provide brief reasoning
Transcribed Image Text:AChange of Comeometer value (AU) 39. 10 8 6 4 Control group -O-GOS group 0 8 Time (week) p<0.05 12 Figure 1. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the Corneometer value in the healthy adults. The asterisks indicate significant differences (p<0.05, p<0.001) between the base- line and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p-value shown on the graph indicates a sig- nificant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week by r test. All data were two-sided at the 5% sig- nificance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. AChange of TEWL (g/h/m²) Control group -O-GOS group 0 p<0.05 4 8 12 Time (week) Figure 2. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on transep- idermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults. Asterisks indicate a significant difference (p<0.05) between the baseline and the indicated week by a repeated-measures analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons within groups. The p value shown on the graph indicates a significant difference between changes in the two groups at the indicated week by test. All data were two-sided at the 5% significance level and are reported as means standard error of the mean. Above are two figures from the study by Hong et al. (2017) looking at the effects of a galactooligosaccharide (GOS) prebiotic on skin health over a 12-week period. Figure 1 shows the effects on skin hydration measured using an instrument called a Corneometer and Figure 2 shows its effects on skin barrier function measured as trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL). Based on the above figures, please answer the following questions: A. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin hydration? If so, at what time point (s)? Describe anything else that strikes as interesting or odd to you about the data depicted in the figure. B. Is there a significant effect of GOS on skin barrier function? If so, at what time point? C. Why do you think there is a change in the skin hydration and skin barrier values with the placebo? What is this observation called? D. Have the authors used appropriate statistical analysis for the assessments reported? Provide brief reasoning
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