According to Veatch, et. al., when considering whether a treatment is futile or no, we should only consider the potential health benefits. True False
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- What are the three types of study designs used in GWAS? Provide a specific example of a study performed in research using one of these methods. Why was this study design chosen over the other two methods?Kirsch (2010) argues that in double-blind clinical trials to test the effects of antidepressants, a large fraction of patients figure out whether they have been given the antidepressant or the placebo by noticing the presence or absence of known side effects of the antidepressant. Doctors evaluating the patients are also able to determine which treatment patients are receiving. How might this situation affect the results of the clinical trial? Specifically, is the treatment effect (difference between the means of the antidepressant and placebo treatments) likely to be overestimated, underestimated, or unaffected by this knowledge?Among patients with schizophrenia (P), does social skills training (I) improve communication skills (O) more than with pharmacological treatment (C) ? What type of quantitative research design would be best for the above PICO question? Descriptive, correlational, independet and dependent variables, quasi-experimental or experiemental? Please provide answer and why? Thanks
- Why is a meta-analysis stronger evidence for a null effect of sugar on hyperactivity?Industry-sponsored clinical trials are legally required to only use clinical outcome measures that have been prospectively validated. True or false?Based on the list below provided by AHRQ and CMS, define each PI methodology Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA/PDCA) • Model for Improvement (MFI) • Focus, Analyze, Develop and Execute (FADE) • Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) • Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify (DMADV) • Identify, Measure, Prioritize, Research, Outline, Validate, Execute (IMPROVE) • Assess, Plan, Implement, Evaluate (APIE) • Identify, Determine, Establish, Act (IDEA) • Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
- Researchers are developing a new screening test for a disease that will be less invasive then the current "gold standard" screening test. The disease is highly communicable if treatment is delayed thus researchers will want to prioritize the new screening test to minimize the number of Researchers are developing a new screening test for a disease that will be less invasive then the current "gold standard" screening test. The disease is highly communicable if treatment is delayed thus researchers will want to prioritize the new screening test to minimize the number of False positives True negatives True positivies False negativesIn regard to the difference margin (M), which of the following statements is NOT right? a. the difference margin should be chosen before the start of a trial b. the difference margin is a value randomly chosen by the researchers c. the difference margin is carefully chosen with both statistical and clinical considerations d. Non-inferiority and equivalence in efficacy between a new treatment and the standard treatment should be claimed in the presence of a well justified difference marginWhat is the distinction between Normal and Post Normal Science? Give at least 2 realistic examples where these two concepts can be compared and contrasted.
- Lead time bias is best described as a. an apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group b. a similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who are diagnosed by clinical symptoms c. an apparently longer survival time among persons identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease d. a truly longer survival time for persons identified during a screening program because they were given an effective treatmentWhat type of statistical information is easiest to evaluate risk (for medication or drug)? A) absolute numbers B) relative numbers C) percentages D) probabilitiesmention KEY PROJECT MILESTONES of root cause analysis of Medical error.