About the types of hybridization involved in the covalent bonds (all are correct except Select one: 1-Sp hybridization occurs in the central atom through mixing two valance orbitals one S and one P orbital to produce two SP orbitals as what seen in nitrile group (CN) and in acetylene HCCH 2-Sp3 hybridization occurs in the central atom through mixing three valance orbitals one S and two P orbital to produce two SP orbitals as what seen in methane CH4 3-in HCl the covalent bond happens without hybridization through overlapping of one of the 2P valance orbital of the chlorine atom and the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom 4-SP2 hybridization occurs in the central atom through mixing three valance orbitals one S and two P orbital to produce two SP orbitals as what seen in ethylene and NO2
Formal Charges
Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be neutral atoms.
Polarity Of Water
In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms. Water, as we all know has two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom. As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen thus, there exists polarity in the bonds which is why water is known as a polar solvent.
Valence Bond Theory Vbt
Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the formation of covalent bonds with the help of wavefunctions using attractive and repulsive energies when two atoms are brought from infinity to their internuclear distance.
About the types of hybridization involved in the covalent bonds (all are correct except
1-Sp hybridization occurs in the central atom through mixing two valance orbitals one S and one P orbital to produce two SP orbitals as what seen in nitrile group (CN) and in acetylene HCCH
2-Sp3 hybridization occurs in the central atom through mixing three valance orbitals one S and two P orbital to produce two SP orbitals as what seen in methane CH4
3-in HCl the covalent bond happens without hybridization through overlapping of one of the 2P valance orbital of the chlorine atom and the 1s orbital of the hydrogen atom
4-SP2 hybridization occurs in the central atom through mixing three valance orbitals one S and two P orbital to produce two SP orbitals as what seen in ethylene and NO2
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