About 30% of people cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or in the brain? Mainland et al. (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone for short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidified air flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers found that 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested that increases in sensitivity to androstenone happen in the brain rather than the nostril since the epithelia of the nostrils are not connected. The authors conducted a statistical hypothesis test of whether accuracy, in fact, did change. Let p refer to the proportion of non-detectors in the population whose accuracy scores improved after 21 days. Under the null hypothesis, p = 0.5 (as many participants should improve as deteriorate in their accuracy after 21 days). The alternative hypothesis is that p = 0.5 (the proportion of participants increases or decreases after 21 days). The accompanying figure shows the null distribution for the number of participants out of 12 having an improved accuracy score. The probability of each outcome is given above the bars. Probability 0.25 0.20 0.15- 0.10- 0.05 0.00 0.0002 0.003 0.016 0.054 0.121 0.193 What is the P-value for the test? Give your answer as an exact number. 0.226 0.193 0.121 0.054 0.016 0.003 0.0002 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Number of participants improving Whitlock & Schluter, The Analysis of Biological Data, 3eⒸ2020 W. H. Freeman and Company
About 30% of people cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or in the brain? Mainland et al. (2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone for short periods every day for 21 days. The other nostril was plugged and had humidified air flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the researchers found that 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy in the plugged nostril, whereas two had reduced accuracy. This suggested that increases in sensitivity to androstenone happen in the brain rather than the nostril since the epithelia of the nostrils are not connected. The authors conducted a statistical hypothesis test of whether accuracy, in fact, did change. Let p refer to the proportion of non-detectors in the population whose accuracy scores improved after 21 days. Under the null hypothesis, p = 0.5 (as many participants should improve as deteriorate in their accuracy after 21 days). The alternative hypothesis is that p = 0.5 (the proportion of participants increases or decreases after 21 days). The accompanying figure shows the null distribution for the number of participants out of 12 having an improved accuracy score. The probability of each outcome is given above the bars. Probability 0.25 0.20 0.15- 0.10- 0.05 0.00 0.0002 0.003 0.016 0.054 0.121 0.193 What is the P-value for the test? Give your answer as an exact number. 0.226 0.193 0.121 0.054 0.016 0.003 0.0002 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Number of participants improving Whitlock & Schluter, The Analysis of Biological Data, 3eⒸ2020 W. H. Freeman and Company
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
6th Edition
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:Amos Gilat
Chapter1: Starting With Matlab
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
Question
please answer this question! the significance level is 0.05
Transcribed Image Text:About 30% of people cannot detect any odor when they sniff the steroid androstenone, but they can become sensitive to its
smell if exposed to the chemical repeatedly. Does this change in sensitivity happen in the nose or in the brain? Mainland et al.
(2002) exposed one nostril of each of 12 non-detector participants to androstenone for short periods every day for 21 days.
The other nostril was plugged and had humidified air flow to prevent androstenone from entering. After the 21 days, the
researchers found that 10 of 12 participants had improved androstenone-detection accuracy in the plugged nostril, whereas
two had reduced accuracy. This suggested that increases in sensitivity to androstenone happen in the brain rather than the
nostril since the epithelia of the nostrils are not connected. The authors conducted a statistical hypothesis test of whether
accuracy, in fact, did change. Let p refer to the proportion of non-detectors in the population whose accuracy scores improved
after 21 days. Under the null hypothesis, p = 0.5 (as many participants should improve as deteriorate in their accuracy after
21 days). The alternative hypothesis is that p ‡ 0.5 (the proportion of participants increases or decreases after 21 days). The
accompanying figure shows the null distribution for the number of participants out of 12 having an improved accuracy score.
The probability of each outcome is given above the bars.
Probability
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0.0002
0.003
0.016
0.054
0.121
0.193
What is the P-value for the test?
Give your answer as an exact number.
0.226
0.193
0.121
0.054
0.016
0.003
0.0002
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of participants improving
Whitlock & Schluter, The Analysis of Biological Data, 3e © 2020 W. H. Freeman and Company
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