A3) Answer the given situations a) the cross-section notes shown below are for a ground excavation for a 10m wide roadway. What is the cross-sectional area in sq. m? 8.2L/+2.15               0/+3.5               13.65/+5.80 b) from the given cross-section notes of an earthwork having an area of 33.1 m2, compute the value of x if it has a side slope 2:1. width of the roadway is 10m.

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Measuring site work, Excavation and Piling

Bid drawings typically include very little material about the precise requirements of site work operations, measuring site work and excavation work differs from measuring most other works on a construction project. The actual site work conditions are not provided and also the dimensions of the excavations are not known during the pre-construction phase. The precise measurement of the excavation and backfill of the earth material and topsoil is important for a contractor to decide upon the total cost required for the process. All the works should be carried out under OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards to ensure the safety of the workers.