a.Given the steps of Kruskal’s algorithm, analyze each loop and find its running time cost in terms of V and E.   MST-KRUSKAL(G,w) A ←  for each vertex v  V MAKE-SET(v) sort E into non-decreasing order by w for each (u, v) taken from the sorted list if FIND-SET(u)  FIND-SET(v) then A ← A  {(u, v)} UNION(u, v) return A

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Minimum Spanning Tree

A spanning tree is a sub-graph of a connected, undirected graph. It has all the vertices of a graph with the minimum possible number of edges. If a vertex is skipped, then it will not be a spanning tree. The edges of a spanning tree may or may not have weights.