a. The following is a real synthetic reaction published by the Burns lab at Stanford towards the synthesis of complex 'ladderane' bacterial phospholipids. In the presence of a copper triflate catalyst (not important for the question) and 254 nm light, two major pericyclic products are formed at -4°C. List if each product is formed under thermal or photochemical conditions and show the relevant molecular orbital for the electrocyclization reaction on the right side. H 5 mol% (CuOTf) ₂ C6H6 -4 °C, C6H6 254 nm thermal (heat) or photochemical (light) pericyclic reaction? 37% ΗΗΗΗ HHHH 42% relevant molecular orbital for electrocyclization reaction: b. Draw a mechanism for the following [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement. c. Use the starting ketone material on the left and any other reagents/solvents of your choosing to synthesize the ester molecule on the right. Number your chemical steps sequentially and please show intermediates after each step towards your final product. You do not need to show mechanisms for this question. ix
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
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