Catalysis and Enzymatic Reactions
Catalysis is the kind of chemical reaction in which the rate (speed) of a reaction is enhanced by the catalyst which is not consumed during the process of reaction and afterward it is removed when the catalyst is not used to make up the impurity in the product. The enzymatic reaction is the reaction that is catalyzed via enzymes.
Lock And Key Model
The lock-and-key model is used to describe the catalytic enzyme activity, based on the interaction between enzyme and substrate. This model considers the lock as an enzyme and the key as a substrate to explain this model. The concept of how a unique distinct key only can have the access to open a particular lock resembles how the specific substrate can only fit into the particular active site of the enzyme. This is significant in understanding the intermolecular interaction between proteins and plays a vital role in drug interaction.
![### Question 3: Identify the Major Organic Product
**a. Reaction Scheme:**
1. **Reactant:**
- A six-membered ring with a nitrogen atom, featuring a carbonyl group (C=O) and a methyl group (CH₃) attached to the nitrogen.
2. **Reagents:**
- Step 1: Phenylmagnesium bromide (PhMgBr)
- Step 2: Dilute H⁺ (acidic conditions)
**b. Reaction Scheme:**
1. **Reactant:**
- A bicyclic compound with a bromine atom (Br) attached to the five-membered ring and a carbonyl group (C=O) on the six-membered ring.
2. **Reagents:**
- Excess ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)
- Catalyst: HCl
**Explanation:**
- In part (a), the reactant undergoes a two-step reaction involving a Grignard reagent (PhMgBr) followed by acidic work-up. This typically results in the addition of the phenyl group to the carbonyl carbon, leading to the formation of an alcohol.
- In part (b), the reaction involves the use of excess ethanol and HCl, likely yielding an esterification or substitution reaction that replaces the bromine atom with an ethoxy group from ethanol.
These reactions illustrate fundamental concepts in organic synthesis, such as nucleophilic addition and substitution.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7237bf46-4025-4c4f-b170-df7369a74fb6%2Fbdb73d05-a9d6-4908-aa4d-50a7212c5556%2F03mcc9e_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![](/static/compass_v2/shared-icons/check-mark.png)
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
![Blurred answer](/static/compass_v2/solution-images/blurred-answer.jpg)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Principles of Instrumental Analysis](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Organic Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Chemistry: Principles and Reactions](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind…](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)