**Model 6: Intensities of [M+1]⁺ Peak and [M+2]⁺ Peak***Explanation of Mass Spectrum Intensity:*On a mass spectrum, the height of a given peak is proportional to the number of molecules with that mass. In the table below, the [M]⁺ peak is the base peak.| Molecule | [M]⁺ m/z (intensity) | [M+1]⁺ m/z (intensity) | [M+2]⁺ m/z (intensity) ||-------------------|----------------------|------------------------|------------------------|| Methane | 16 (100) | 17 (1.1) | NA || Ethane | 30 (100) | 31 (2.2) | NA || Propane | 44 (100) | | NA || Butane | 58 (100) | | NA || Octane | 114 (100) | | NA || Bromomethane | 94 (100) | | || CH₃Br | ¹²CH₃ ⁷⁹Br | | || Bromoethane | 108 (100) | | || CH₃CH₂Br | | | || Chloromethane | 50 (100) | | || CH₃Cl | | | || Chloroethane | 64 (100) | | || CH₃CH₂Cl | | | |**Critical Thinking Questions**24. Fill in the m/z values for the [M+1]⁺ column in Model 6. a. Explain why the intensity of the [M+1]⁺ peak for ethane is twice as high as the [M+1]⁺ peak for methane. (*Hint: Review CTQ's 18-22.*) b. Fill in the [M+1]⁺ intensities for all molecules in the table. c. True or False: When [M]⁺ has an intensity of 100, the following formula can be used to calculate **Memorization Task L2.3: Formula for Calculating Number of Oxygens from [M+2]+ Intensity**\[ \text{number of oxygen atoms} = \left( \frac{\text{intensity of [M+2]+ peak}}{0.2} \right) \times \left( \frac{100}{\text{intensity of [M]+ peak}} \right) \]25. The formula in Memorization Task L2.3 can be used to calculate the number of oxygen atoms in a molecule. By analogy to these two formulas, fill in the blanks in Memorization Task L2.4 to give a formula for calculating the number of sulfur atoms in an unknown molecule.**Memorization Task L2.4: Formula for Calculating Number of Sulfurs from [M+__]+ Intensity**\[ \text{number of sulfur atoms} = \left( \frac{\text{ }}{\text{ }} \right) \times \left( \frac{\text{ }}{\text{ }} \right) \]*Note that the formulas above work only when only one element is making a significant contribution to the [M+1]+ or [M+2]+ peak. For example, as we will see in the next section, you cannot use the formula to calculate the number of oxygen or sulfur atoms when there is a Cl or Br present.*26. Fill in m/z values in the [M+2]+ column in Model 6.a. For each compound containing Br or Cl, draw the most common molecule responsible for each peak in that row. Be sure to include isotopic labels for each nonhydrogen atom (The first box is done for you.) (Hint: Look back at the entries for Br and Cl in Model 5.)b. Fill in the intensities for each box in the [M+2]+ column.c. Why is there no significant [M+2]+ peak for the first five rows?d. What elements other than Cl and Br will generate a noticeable [M+2]+ peak? (Hint: Look at the table in Model 5.)e. Fill in the blanks in the following two statements:(1) If the intensities of the [M+2]+ and [M]+ peaks are approximately equal, then there is likely one ____ atom in the molecule.(2) If the intensity of the [M

To explain why [M+1]+ peak for ethane is twice than [M+1]+ peak of methane. "Since you have…

a. b. C. Explain why the intensity of the [M+1]* peak for ethane is twice as high as the [M+1]* peak for methane. (Hint: Look back at CTQ's 18-22.) Fill in the [M+1]* intensities for all molecules in the table. True or False: When [M]* has an intensity of 100, the following formula can be used to calculate the number of carbons in the molecule.

a. b. C. Explain why the intensity of the [M+1]* peak for ethane is twice as high as the [M+1]* peak for methane. (Hint: Look back at CTQ's 18-22.) Fill in the [M+1]* intensities for all molecules in the table. True or False: When [M]* has an intensity of 100, the following formula can be used to calculate the number of carbons in the molecule.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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