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a) Which viral strain is most closely related to Bat V11? [Select ] b) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect horses? [ Select ] c) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect camels? [ Select ] d) Based on your phylogeny, which animal did horses most likely acquire the virus from? [ Select ]

a) Which viral strain is most closely related to Bat V11? [Select ] b) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect horses? [ Select ] c) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect camels? [ Select ] d) Based on your phylogeny, which animal did horses most likely acquire the virus from? [ Select ]

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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a) Which viral strain is most closely related to Bat V11? - [Select] b) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect horses? - [Select] c) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect camels? - [Select] d) Based on your phylogeny, which animal did horses most likely acquire the virus from? - [Select] e) Based on your phylogeny, which animal was the original host of the virus? - [Select]
Transcribed Image Text:a) Which viral strain is most closely related to Bat V11? - [Select] b) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect horses? - [Select] c) Based on your phylogeny, how many times has the virus evolved to infect camels? - [Select] d) Based on your phylogeny, which animal did horses most likely acquire the virus from? - [Select] e) Based on your phylogeny, which animal was the original host of the virus? - [Select]
**Understanding Viral Phylogeny: An Educational Overview** As a researcher investigating the origins of a new viral disease, samples were collected from various species. Each viral strain is named after its host species and assigned a unique number. The process involved sequencing the viral DNA and constructing a phylogenetic tree to understand the relationships and origins of these strains. **Phylogenetic Tree Explanation:** The phylogenetic tree provided illustrates the relationships between different viral strains found in bats, camels, humans, and horses. The tree's tips denote the specific viral hosts. Key features and splits in the tree, along with associated bootstrap values (confidence levels of the branching), are as follows: 1. **Bat Lineages:** - Strains Bat V3, Bat V11, and Bat V12 are closely related, displaying high bootstrap values (100 and 84), indicating strong confidence in this clade. - Bat V14 and Bat V12 exhibit close relationship (bootstrap value of 84). 2. **Camel Lineages:** - Camel V1 is distinctly separate early but groups closely with Camel V3 and Camel V4, indicating a shared evolutionary path with a bootstrap value of 92 and another of 100, highlighting the reliability of this grouping. 3. **Cross-species Relationships:** - Human V1 is positioned closely with Bat V12 and Bat V14, suggesting potential cross-species transmission or shared ancestry. - Human V6, Horse V16, and Camel V2 form another distinct group, showcasing interactions or shared evolution, with strong bootstrap support (78, 100, and 80). 4. **Outgroup Lineage:** - Bat V1 appears as an outgroup, the most distinct from the rest, offering a baseline for comparison across different viruses. **Conclusion:** The phylogenetic analysis indicates multiple viral strains with potential interspecies transmissions. Understanding these relationships aids in tracking disease origins and potential spread among species. This information is pivotal for developing strategies to control and prevent outbreaks.
Transcribed Image Text:**Understanding Viral Phylogeny: An Educational Overview** As a researcher investigating the origins of a new viral disease, samples were collected from various species. Each viral strain is named after its host species and assigned a unique number. The process involved sequencing the viral DNA and constructing a phylogenetic tree to understand the relationships and origins of these strains. **Phylogenetic Tree Explanation:** The phylogenetic tree provided illustrates the relationships between different viral strains found in bats, camels, humans, and horses. The tree's tips denote the specific viral hosts. Key features and splits in the tree, along with associated bootstrap values (confidence levels of the branching), are as follows: 1. **Bat Lineages:** - Strains Bat V3, Bat V11, and Bat V12 are closely related, displaying high bootstrap values (100 and 84), indicating strong confidence in this clade. - Bat V14 and Bat V12 exhibit close relationship (bootstrap value of 84). 2. **Camel Lineages:** - Camel V1 is distinctly separate early but groups closely with Camel V3 and Camel V4, indicating a shared evolutionary path with a bootstrap value of 92 and another of 100, highlighting the reliability of this grouping. 3. **Cross-species Relationships:** - Human V1 is positioned closely with Bat V12 and Bat V14, suggesting potential cross-species transmission or shared ancestry. - Human V6, Horse V16, and Camel V2 form another distinct group, showcasing interactions or shared evolution, with strong bootstrap support (78, 100, and 80). 4. **Outgroup Lineage:** - Bat V1 appears as an outgroup, the most distinct from the rest, offering a baseline for comparison across different viruses. **Conclusion:** The phylogenetic analysis indicates multiple viral strains with potential interspecies transmissions. Understanding these relationships aids in tracking disease origins and potential spread among species. This information is pivotal for developing strategies to control and prevent outbreaks.
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