Q: How can we be sure that the insertion of the therapeutic gene does not harm some other necessary…
A: The Food and Drug Administration still has not approved any human gene therapy product. Current gene…
Q: What is the definition of antibiotic resistance gene?
A: Antibiotics are the antimicrobial chemicals that can be bactericidal (kill the bacteria) or…
Q: What is the purpose of the targeting vector?
A: In molecular cloning, vector is a segment of DNA molecule, which is used as an artificial carrier of…
Q: IS THERAPY USING CRISPR TECHNIQUE PERFORMED ON AN ENTIRE ORGAN , A REGION OF THE ORGAN , OR THE…
A: Introduction : CRISPER - Cas 9 - CRISPER is a RNA sequence and Cas9 is nuclease that can cleave…
Q: What is a vaccine?
A: Vaccines are a part of artificial active immunity. Antigens or a mixture of antigens which are used…
Q: What is the etymology (origin) of the word "vaccine"?
A: Answer- The "vaccine" word drived from latin Word VACCA mean cow According to World health…
Q: What are the types ofantigenic agents that mayconstitute vaccines?
A: An antigen is defined as any substance, either pathogen, cell metabolite, pollutant, pollen grains,…
Q: Who discovered the plasmids?
A: Plasmid is an extrachromosomal small DNA molecule present in a cell. Plasmid exists separately from…
Q: antibodies in biotechnology?
A: Biotechnology is a wide range of studies where it uses its techniques with biological systems to…
Q: What is T DNA tag?
A: T DNA (Transferable deoxyribonucleic acid) tag is an important phenomenon in molecular biology and…
Q: Why is the ELISA test used to screen human serum for the AIDSvirus, while the Western blot procedure…
A: Answer: Introduction: The human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) are the type of a subgroup of…
Q: Define the therapeutic gene?
A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…
Q: What is the DNA vaccine?
A: Immune system is system which helps our body to fight against the foreign substances which will…
Q: Why use LC-MS for Bioanalysis?
A: Liquid chromatography -mass spectrometry is a powerful analytical tool used for separation,…
Q: From where Probes are derived ?
A: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded helical genetic material containing thousands of…
Q: What is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
A: Gene therapy is a method that allows the correction of the defective gene. In gene therapy, it is…
Q: How do you use CRISPR to treat a patient with sickle cell anemia? Please provide a detailed…
A: In sickle cell anemia the blood cells become sickle shaped. This may result into painful blood flow,…
Q: What is the difference between in-ovo and ex-ovo types of CAM Assay?
A: The CAM test is a robust approach that can be used to analyze the involvement of new chemicals and…
Q: What does MEGA stand for and what is this assay used to determine? How to do perform the assay?
A: Many assisted reproductive techniques are widely used around the globe.
Q: How are molecular probes prepared?
A: Molecular probes are small segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA), which…
Q: the Salk vaccine require a booster?
A: The poliomyelitis virus causes Polio. The virus infects the nerve cells in the spinal cord, thereby…
Q: What is a gene gun, heart shock treatment and electroporation?
A: Recombinant DNA technology is a technique through which a desired gene of interest or a piece of DNA…
Q: What is rationale of using serological typing in bacterial agglutination?
A: INTRODUCTION Bacterial agglutination If a particular antigen such as bacteria is mixed with its…
Q: What is the purpose of combining capsule polysaccharide molecules with toxoid proteins in a…
A: A conjugate vaccine is a substance that is composed of a polysaccharide antigen fused (conjugated)…
Q: The probe in the figure below can be considered as : *
A: A biomedical device is an instrument that is used in medicine for the purpose of diagnosis,…
Q: What are the main procedures involved in a western blot?
A: BASIC INFORMATION WESTERN BLOT This process is used to find some specific type of proteins which are…
Q: What are steps in making an inactivated vaccine?
A: Vaccinations and Immunizations started in the 18th century, with the Smallpox Vaccination, created…
Q: What are BAC vectors?
A: Cloning vectors are the vehicles that are used in carrying the foreign DNA molecules. The cloning…
Q: What are the important differences among a recombinant liveattenuated vaccine, a vector vaccine, and…
A: Vaccination is the process of inoculating an individual with antigenic particles, which can elicit…
Q: What is the importance of Bacterial Vaccines?
A: Introduction : A biological preparation known as a vaccine offers active acquired immunity to a…
Q: The purpose of the QVIR strategy is to
A: Introduction QVIR falls under a class of antiviral drugs known as reverse transcriptase inhibitor
Q: Why do vaccine manufacturers begin with tests on animals or cell lines before moving on to adult…
A: Vaccines are the antigens that are administered into the body.
Q: What is high throughput screening in the discovery of drug ?
A: Drug discovery is a highly complex and multidisciplinary process which goal is to identify new…
Q: Which is more proper sample type for whole genome sequencing in AML patients? Peripheral blood or…
A: On the basis of ELN recommendations, one can use PBC samples to diagnose AML if blast count >…
Q: What is a recombinant DNA vaccine?Give two examples.
A: Vaccines are either attenuated or dead agents of disease which when administered into a healthy…
Q: Please write the Drug Discovery process of Losartan? Please write at your own words.
A: Losartan is a antihypertensive drug which was the first angiotensin II receptor antagonist. The…
Q: How we can Treatment Thalassemia by using gene therapy? Please answer at your own words,please..
A: THALASSEMIA:- Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by the production of an…
Q: What is the advantage of a DNA vaccine over all the other types of vaccine ?
A: DNA vaccination has shown significant promise since its start. In terms of effectiveness, safety,…
Q: Do the plasmids integrate into the host genome when the AAV is introduced into the patient? Explain.
A: AAV (Adeno-associated viruses) are virus that are usually very small in size and that infect primate…
Q: Why is HIV protease a good target for anti-HIV therapy and drug discovery?
A: HIV protease is a retroviral aspartyl protease which is an enzyme that is involved with peptide bond…
Q: How is a specific probe obtained?
A: Probe is a single-stranded sequence of DNA or RNA used to search for its complementary sequence in a…
Q: Why does the penicillin group of drugs have milder toxicity than other antibiotics?
A: Antibiotics are the class of medicine that fights against unwanted bacteria in the system. They…
Q: application of antibodies in biotechnology?
A: Antibody An antibody is the soluble form of the B lymphocytes antigen receptor, and antibodies are…
Q: How is damaged DNA recognized by the UvrAB complex?
A: DNA damage is characterised by the presence of any kind of mutation that is different from the…
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 2 images
- 35) A study is conducted to evaluate the overall impact of prostate-specific antigen testing as a screening tool for prostate cancer in otherwise investigators have data on rates of cancer and all-cause mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality. An analysis of mortality (including impotence and urinary incontinence), and the psychological impact of screening (including anxiety and sleeplessness) is of utilities associated with these outcomes, and the investigators use the data to determine the probabilities associated with the various best outcome measures to use in this study? Case-specific mortality Quality-adjusted life years Risk-adjusted mortality Standardized mortality ratio Years of potential life lost22:23 1O 000 · 11:24 A9 OB1 r ll l 52% . +964 782 734 3923 2m541139927815107... Patient Encounter Part 3 The pretreatment workup is summarized below. Pathology: 47-year-old female with new diagnosis of infiltrating intraductal adenocarcinoma involving the left breast and regional node. Further tests on tumor samples indicated ER (8%), PR (negative), HER2 (negative), Ki-67 (72%), and grade (poorly differentiated). Intrinsic subtype (luminal B, HER2-negative). Radiology: FDG-PET/CT indicated a 5.3 x 2.5 cm mass in the left breast which appeared to extend to the epidermis of the skin; one node in the left axilla was also involved with tumor. No other evidence of distant disease was visualized. Laboratory: CBC, liver, and kidney function tests WNL, alkaline phosphatase and calcium are normal also. Stage: IB (T, N, M,) List the most important prognostic factors in this patient with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Assess the patient's level of risk for relapse. 50 SECTION 16 | ONCOLOGIC…1. What is Du? ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON LABORATORY ASSAY NO.7 2. Why do we need test for Du when weak or no reaction is obtained in Rh typing? 3. What is required to demonstrate the presence of cells carrying a weak D antigen? 4. Explain the mechanism behind the existence of Du. 5. Cite possible situations in which an attending physician would request for an emergency screening for the presence of "D" antigen.
- A standard course of post-operational gamma or x-ray therapy, normally given after operations to remove breast cancer, consists of daily fractions of 1.7 Gy,5 days a week for 6 weeks. Estimate the risk of inducing new breast from this treatment.Breast Cancer Screening Program – A group of women were subjected to a breast cancer screening program. A newly developed screening test was utilized to measure its sensitivity and specificity against a gold standard test. a) What is the prevalence of breast cancer in this population? b) Calculate the Sensitivity of the test and provide interpretation c) Calculate the Specificity of the test and provide interpretation“The overall absolute increase in breast cancers diagnosed among current and recent users of any hormonal contraceptives was 13 (95% CI, 10 to 16) per 100,000 person-years, or approximately 1 extra breast cancer for every 7690 women using hormonal contraception for 1 year”. What is the term used in epidemiology which describes this sentence? Please calculate this number and comment on its magnitude.
- You are evaluating apatient with a cancer type that is characterized by constitutive expression of NFϏB - which promotes oncogenesis, Bortezomib will be most effective in managing the patient. Group of answer choices True False8-6. Identifying Study Subjects A study entitled “Antidepressant Medication and Breast Cancer Risk” (Amer. J. of Epi, late 1990’s) stated in the methods section of the paper that “Cases were an age-stratified (< 50 and ≥ 50 years of age) random sample of women aged 25-74 years diagnosed with primary breast cancer during 1995 and 1996 (pathology report confirmed) and recorded in the population-based Ontario Cancer Registry. As the 1-year survival for breast cancer is 90%, surrogate respondents were not used. Population controls, aged 25-74 years, were randomly sampled from the property assessment rolls of the Ontario Ministry of Finance; this database includes all home owners and tenants and lists age, sex, and address.” Discuss the authors’ approach to the identification of cases with respect to the potential for selection bias. Discuss the authors’ approach to the identification of controls with respect to the potential for selection bias. Does the decision not to allow surrogate…5. The MLT performs patient testing against specific reagent anti-sera and obtains the following results: Anti-e Anti-D 4+ Anti-c 3+ 3+ Anti-C 3+ a) What is this patient's Rh phenotype? Anti-E 0
- The remains of nine human beings were found in a site, degree of bone development and presence of Y chromosome DNA suggest four adult females (A, B, C & D), two adult males (E, F) and three juvenile females. Their DNA was available for testing. The gel pattern obtained for one SSR probe is shown in the figure below. The bands are numbered in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility. Adult O Adult O Juvenile Y A B C D E F G H I 1 -2 3. 9. 8. 10 Which of the following can you conclude from the results? Select all that apply Female C could be the biological parent of the three juvenile females OMale F could be the biological parent of the three juvenile females Female D could be the biological parent of the three juvenile females Male E could be the biological parent of the three juvenile femalesIn a Cervical Cancer screening program, 500 asymptomatic women were examined using the Pap smear test. 200 of the women who truly had lesions were correctly classified; 14 with lesions were wrongly classified as negative. 253 women who had no lesions were correctly classified; 33 women with no lesions were wrongly reported as positive. (A) Summarise the information provided in an appropirate table. (B) Based on the information above, calculate the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of the Pap smear test.There are 2 main ways of treating tumours - external irradiation by radiotherapy and internal radiopharmaceuticals. Using the points shown below, explain the advantages and disadvantages of using radiopharmaceuticals as opposed to external irradiation. • Area of treatment required • Position of tumour • lonising range • Precautions needed after treatment