(a) What is the difference between the states of phase equilibrium and metastability?(b) Explain with the aid of neatly drawn binary phase diagrams the following terms?i. Isormophous phase diagramii. Eutectic Isothermiii. Peritectic point

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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

9th Edition

ISBN:9781337399425

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter17: Equilibrium

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 13ALQ

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8. Two l-litrc flask A and B are connected to each other by a valve which is closed. Flask A has benzene in equilibrium with its vapours at 30°C. The flask B, is evacualed, and the valve is opened. Which of the following is true. If temperature is kept constant. (a) Some of the benzene molecules would move to flask B fiom flask A. (b) Vapour pressurec will be halfthe initial valuc. (c) The vapour pressurc remains unchanged (d) Somc morc of the liquid benzene in flask A would cvaporatc. 14.
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P5B.1 Potassium fluoride is very soluble in glacial acetic acid (ethanoic acid) and the solutions have a number of unusual properties. In an attempt to understand them, freezing-point depression data were obtained by taking a solution of known molality and then diluting it several times (J. Emsley, J. Chem. Soc. A, 2702 (1971)). The following data were obtained: b/(mol kg") 0.015 0.037 0.077 0.295 0.602 ΔΤΙΚ 0.115 0.295 0.470 1.381 2.67 Calculate the apparent molar mass of the solute and suggest an interpretation. Use AfH= 11.4kJ mol™ and T;* = 290 K for glacial acetic acid. lus
The Clausius- Clapeyron equation on the assumption that the enthalpy of vaporization is independent of temperature in the range of interest. (a) Theenthalpy of vaporization of water is 40.656 kJ mol-1 at its normal boiling temperature, 373 K. Assuming that the enthalpy of vaporization does not vary with temperature, calculate the vapour pressure of water at 308 K. (b) Derive an improved version of the equation on the basis that the enthalpy of vaporization has the form ΔvapH =a+ bT. (c) For water in the range298- 373 K, a= 57.373 kJ mol-1 and b = -44.801 J K-1 mol- 1. Use your improved version of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to calculate a more reliable value for the vapour pressure of water at 308 K.

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(a) What is the difference between the states of phase equilibrium and metastability (b) Explain with the aid of neatly drawn binary phase diagrams the following terms