A vertical shaft DA is attached vertically to a fixed base at A and is subjected to the torques as shown in the attached figure. At Segment AB is a hollow segment, L = 600 mm, inner diameter = 44 mm, at Segment BC, L = 200 mm, diameter = 60 mm, Segment CD is L = 400 mm, diameter = 30 mm. Take G = 77 GPa. There is an applied torque T1 = 3500 N- m at C, and T2 = 250 N-m at D. Determine: a. The shearing stress at Segment AB. b. The shearing stress at Segment BC. c. The summation of angle of twist. Show complete solution with FBD

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Combined Loading

Any functioning component, such as machine parts, structural members, pressure vessels, and so on, are all under the influence of more than one force. When anybody is under the influence of more than one force such as shear forces, bending moments, axial forces, torsion, and so on, then such body is said to be under combined loading. A very practical example of combined loading is the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine (IC engine). The crankshaft of the IC engine is under high rpm, which is caused due to the torsional forces. Due to the presence of piston, counterbalances, and internal imbalances, the crankshaft experiences lateral forces and due to the rise in temperature, the crankshaft undergoes thermal expansion, which pulls the crankshaft along the axial direction and lateral direction. The presence of unbalanced loads along the periphery of the crankshaft also induces a bending moment.