A vertical member primarily subjected to compression.  a.Principal rafter b.Beam c.Column or posts d.Beam bearing plate   2. As per the AISC or NSCP, the effective length of a column fixed at both ends is  a.0.65L b.0.80L c.0.85L d.L   3. Commonly used cross-sectional shapes for flexure members include: a.Channel shapes b.Equal leg angles c.HP shape d.W-, M-, and S- shapes   4. For a general cross-section, this corresponds to the axis about which the total area is equally divided.  a.Center of gravity b.Elastic section modulus c.Neutral axis d.Plastic centroid   5. The compressive crushing of a beam web caused by the application of a compressive force to the flange directly above or below the web is called a.Local flange buckling b.Web crippling c.Web yielding d.Sidesway web buckling   6. The buckling of the web caused by the compressive force delivered through the flange is called * a.Local flange buckling b.Web crippling c.Web yielding d.Sidesway web buckling   7. In the absence of code regulations, the safety factor for the limit state of concrete crushing is: a.0.50 b.0.65 c.2 d.2.31