A variety of experiments suggest that visual images interfere with visual perception. In one study, Segal and Fusella (1970) had participants watch a screen, looking for brief presentations of a small blue arrow. On some trials, the participants were also asked to form a mental image (for example, imagine a volcano). The results for a sample of N = 36 show that participants made an average of 1.8 more errors while forming images than while not forming images. The difference scores had SS = 378. (a)  Compute a 95% confidence interval for μ, the population mean difference score. (b)  Perform a hypothesis test to decide whether people make significantly more errors on the task when forming visual images.

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