track, Martin, and Stepper (1988) reported that people rate cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). A researcher attempted to replicate this result using a sample of n = 25 adults between the ages 40 and 45. For each person, the researcher recorded the difference between the rating obtained while smiling and the rating obtained by frowning. On average, the cartoons were rated funnier when the participants were smiling, with an average difference of M D = 1.6 with SS = 150. In this problem, you do not have to calculate SS or the mean difference which is already provided. Do the data indicate that the cartoons are rated significantly funnier when the participants are smiling? Use a one-tailed test with αααα = .05
Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) reported that people rate cartoons as funnier when holding a pen in their teeth (which forced them to smile) than when holding a pen in their lips (which forced them to frown). A researcher attempted to replicate this result using a sample of n = 25 adults between the ages 40 and 45. For each person, the researcher recorded the difference between the rating obtained while smiling and the rating obtained by frowning. On average, the cartoons were rated funnier when the participants were smiling, with an average difference of M D = 1.6 with SS = 150.
In this problem, you do not have to calculate SS or the mean difference which is already provided.
Do the data indicate that the cartoons are rated significantly funnier when the participants are smiling? Use a one-tailed test with αααα = .05
The first step is to set the hypothesis which is given below :
The level of significance is
The next step is to define the critical value and test statistics.
The test statistics is given by :
The critical t-value at level of significance with degrees of freedom is
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