A teacher wants to determine whether reading to children an extra hour a day would increase their reading skill. A group of children are chosen. The teacher will read an extra hour a day to these children. It was found, at the end of the semester, these children’s reading skills are pretty good. A. One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design B. One-Shot Case Study Design C. Static-Group Comparison Design D. Time-series Design 2. A study take into the possible connection between lifelong exercise and stroke. Control subjects were selected to broadly match the distribution of age and sex among the patients with stroke. The researchers came up with 125 cases with stroke and 198controls, broadly matched by age and sex. The patients were assessed by using the standard criteria (for stroke). A. One-Shot Case Study Design B. matching post-test only control group C. Static-Group Comparison Design D. Time-series Design 3. A group of individuals is selected at random from the general population. At the end of the study, a comparison is made between groups with and without the outcome of cardio-vascular disease, in terms of their exposure to lack of exercise. A. Posttest-Only Control Group Design B. Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design C. Solomon Four Group Design D. Time-series Design 4. A study was conducted into a possible connection between mortality and cigarette smoking. They recruited about 60 per cent of the doctors, determined their age and smoking status, and then followed them up over the ensuing years, recording deaths as they arose. Very quickly the data began to show significantly higher mortality among doctors who smoked. A. Posttest-Only Control Group Design B. Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design C. Solomon Four Group Design D. Time-series Design E. Other: (indicate the answer) 5. An investigation of the relationship between weight in infancy and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in adult life used a sample of 290 men, whose birthweights at one year were on record. The subjects are grouped according to their exposure or non-exposure to the risk factor (in this case weighing 18 lbs or less at one year is taken to be the risk factor). Men who weighed 18 lbs (8.2kg) or less, at one year, had almost twice the risk of CHD as men who weighed more than 18 lbs. A. one-shot case study B. time-series design C. static group comparison design D. counter-balanced design 6. A large-scale experiment was carried out to test the effectiveness of a COVID vaccine. A placebo was used in approximately half of the participating areas and a develop vaccine was used in the remaining areas. In the latter areas, individuals were vaccinated (no random assignment was used). In both areas, volunteers participated in the study, but COVID cases were monitored among all participating areas. A. One-Shot Case Study Design B. matching post-test only control group C. time-series design D. counter-balanced design 7. The participants in the study are randomly assigned to four different conditions: a)intervention with pre-test and post-test, b) pre-test and post-test with no intervention, c)intervention with post-test, d) post-test with no intervention. Conditions a and b are what you would see in a typical pre-test/post-test design with a control group. Conditions c and d replicate conditions a and b except no pre-test is included. Having these additional conditions allows the researcher to determine if any changes occur simply due to the pre-test. This is done by comparing condition b (pre-test and post-test with no intervention) to condition d (post-test with no intervention), and by comparing condition a (intervention with pre-test and post-test) to condition c (intervention with post-test). A. matching post-test only control group B. One-Shot Case Study Design C. time-series design D. Solomon Four Group design
INSTRUCTION: Choose the correct answer and no need for an explanation.
1. A teacher wants to determine whether reading to children an extra hour a day would increase their reading skill. A group of children are chosen. The teacher will read an extra hour a day to these children. It was found, at the end of the semester, these children’s reading skills are pretty good.
A. One-Group Pretest – Posttest Design
B. One-Shot Case Study Design
C. Static-Group Comparison Design
D. Time-series Design
2. A study take into the possible connection between lifelong exercise and stroke. Control subjects were selected to broadly match the distribution of age and sex among the patients with stroke. The researchers came up with 125 cases with stroke and 198controls, broadly matched by age and sex. The patients were assessed by using the standard criteria (for stroke).
A. One-Shot Case Study Design
B. matching post-test only control group
C. Static-Group Comparison Design
D. Time-series Design
3. A group of individuals is selected at random from the general population. At the end of the study, a comparison is made between groups with and without the outcome of cardio-vascular disease, in terms of their exposure to lack of exercise.
A. Posttest-Only Control Group Design
B. Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
C. Solomon Four Group Design
D. Time-series Design
4. A study was conducted into a possible connection between mortality and cigarette smoking. They recruited about 60 per cent of the doctors, determined their age and smoking status, and then followed them up over the ensuing years, recording deaths as they arose. Very quickly the data began to show significantly higher mortality among doctors who smoked.
A. Posttest-Only Control Group Design
B. Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design
C. Solomon Four Group Design
D. Time-series Design
E. Other: (indicate the answer)
5. An investigation of the relationship between weight in infancy and the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in adult life used a sample of 290 men, whose birthweights at one year were on record. The subjects are grouped according to their exposure or non-exposure to the risk factor (in this case weighing 18 lbs or less at one year is taken to be the risk factor). Men who weighed 18 lbs (8.2kg) or less, at one year, had almost twice the risk of CHD as men who weighed more than 18 lbs.
A. one-shot case study
B. time-series design
C. static group comparison design
D. counter-balanced design
6. A large-scale experiment was carried out to test the effectiveness of a COVID vaccine. A placebo was used in approximately half of the participating areas and a develop vaccine was used in the remaining areas. In the latter areas, individuals were vaccinated (no random assignment was used). In both areas, volunteers participated in the study, but COVID cases were monitored among all participating areas.
A. One-Shot Case Study Design
B. matching post-test only control group
C. time-series design
D. counter-balanced design
7. The participants in the study are randomly assigned to four different conditions: a)intervention with pre-test and post-test, b) pre-test and post-test with no intervention, c)intervention with post-test, d) post-test with no intervention. Conditions a and b are what you would see in a typical pre-test/post-test design with a control group. Conditions c and d replicate conditions a and b except no pre-test is included. Having these additional conditions allows the researcher to determine if any changes occur simply due to the pre-test. This is done by comparing condition b (pre-test and post-test with no intervention) to condition d (post-test with no intervention), and by comparing condition a (intervention with pre-test and post-test) to condition c (intervention with post-test).
A. matching post-test only control group
B. One-Shot Case Study Design
C. time-series design
D. Solomon Four Group design
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