A tank of water is kept boiling with an internal 10 kW heater, and loses energy through evaporation and through the walls of the tank. temperature of 20 °C. The surrounding environment has a a) Calculate the heat loss through the walls, which are made of 5 mm thick stainless steel with a total surface area of 2.8 m². Calculate the percentage of resistance to heat transfer contributed by the boiling water, the walls and the air. Assume natural convection of the air. Which is the controlling resistance? b) Calculate the rate of evaporation of water. Data: Thermal conductivity of stainless steel Latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2257 kJ/kg Take the convective heat transfer coefficient for boiling water to be about 45000 W/m K, ana for air under free convection to be 35 W/m² K. = 19 W/m K

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Conduction and Convection

When energy travels from one object to another it is said to have undergone heat transfer. Heat transfer is nothing but the transfer of thermal energy or internal energy from one thing to another, like e.g., when a vessel with water, kept on top of a burner, heats up because of the flame underneath it.