A summary of a research study in psychology is given here. As you read the summary, think about the following questions: Method of the Study. Two studies were conducted. Each study included 200 participants that included groups of friends. In Study 1, participants com- pleted an intelligence test (control measure), a five-factor personality survey (control measure), and 30 general knowledge questions le.g., "Name a precious gem."). General knowledge questions provided the measure of mental speed, as partic- ipants were asked to answer the questions aloud as quickly as possible and their time to answer was measured on each question. Participants also completed three-item surveys for both social skills and charisma, rating each person in their friend group on a 1 to 7 scale. In Study 2, the participants completed the same general knowledge questions, social skills and charisma ratings, and personal- ity survey as in Study 1. In addition, participants in Study 2 also completed speeded left-right dot detection and pattern-matching tasks as mea- sures of mental speed and surveys for self-control, self-efficacy li.e., self-esteem), narcissism, social 1. Was this study an experiment or a correlational study? 2. Identify the dependent variables. Describe how these variables were measured in the study. 3. For the mental speed and friends' ratings variables, what scale of measurement do you think was used? values, and self-confidence as control measures. Research Study. von Hippel, W., Ronay, R., Baker, E., Kjelsaas, K., & Murphy, S. C. (2016). Quick thinkers are smooth talkers: Mental speed facilitates charisma. Psychological Science, 27, 119-122. Results of the Study. Analyses of the data tested whether participants' mental speed (time to com- plete cognitive tasks) predicted their friends' rat- ings of their social skills and charisma with control measure (e.g., intelligence, personality) removed. For both studies, faster mental speed predicted higher charisma ratings from friends but did not predict social skills ratings from friends. Purpose of the Study. In this study, the research- ers explored possible cognitive abilities that are related to social skills and one's charisma. Specifically, they examined whether one's men- tal speed could predict social skills related to social comfort, conflict, and interpreting others' feelings. They also tested whether one's mental speed could predict how charismatic, funny, and quick-witted one was. Conclusions of the Study. This study supported the researchers' prediction that mental speed is predictive of charisma but did not support their hypothesis that mental speed is predictive of social skills. They suggest that future research should examine how mental speed is involved in charismatic social functioning.